Direct synthesis methods
No.	LDH	Interlayer anion	Reaction solvent system	Process	Exfoliation state	Ref.
1	Mg2Al–LDH	DS−	Isooctane with SDS and 1-butanol	LDH monolayers were synthesized in a reverse microemulsion system by a traditional aqueous co-precipitation method	Successfula	55
2	Mg2Al–LDH	NO3−	30 wt% H2O2	Mg(NO3)2·6H2O, Al(NO3)3·9H2O, and urea were dissolved in 100 mL 30% H2O2, then the mixture solution was transferred into a Teflon tube Teflon-lined autoclave and heated at 150 °C for 24 h	Successfula	60
3	Zn2Al-LDH	BO33−	Water	The LDH slurry washed by water was re-dispersed in acetone and stirred for 1 h at room temperature, then it was filtered and washed thoroughly with acetone again	Completely exfoliated	61
	Mg3Al-LDH
4	Mg2Al–LDH	NO3−	Water	A mixture solution composed of Mg(NO3)2 and Al(NO3)3 was added dropwise to the solution of NaNO3 containing formamide	Successfula	62 and 63
	Mg4Al–LDH
5	Co0.66Al0.34-LDH	CO32−	Ethylene glycol	A certain amount of Co(NO3)2·6H2O, Al(NO3)3·9H2O and urea were dissolved in 80 mL of ethylene glycol, and the obtained mixture solution was transferred into 100 mL Teflon-lined autoclave, following heated at 100 °C for 24 h.	Successfula	64
	Co0.51Al0.49-LDH
6	Zn1.48Al, Co0.96Fe, Co1.07Al, and Mg1.97Fe–LDH	None	Water	Laser ablation of M(III) and M(II) metals in deionized water	Not provided	68
7	Mg2/Al–LDH	NO3−	Water	A mixed salt solution (containing Mg2+ and Al3+ cations) and an alkali solution containing NH3 H2O were pumped into the reactor through two inlets each at a flow rate of 20 mL min−1	Successfula	69
8	Mg2/Al–LDH	NO3−	Water	A mixed salt solution (containing Mg2+ and Al3+ cations) and an alkali solution containing NH3 H2O were pumped into the reactor reaction for 10 min	Successfula	70
9	CoNi LDH	NO3−	None	Ni(NO3)2·6H2O and Co(NO3)2·6H2O mixture with different molar ratio of Co2+ and Ni2+ were prepared by grinding in a mortar, and then morpholine was added and the obtained mixture was ground for 6 min	Successfula	71