. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021 May 11;18(9):630–647. doi: 10.1038/s41575-021-00444-2

Table 3 |.

List of chemokine and chemokine receptor inhibitors in clinical trials

Chemokines and receptors	Drugs	Current status
Ligands
CXCL1	–	Important role in pathophysiology of multiple stress and inflammation-associated liver diseases, making it a potential target²²⁹
CCL2	mNOS-E36	Shown to be of importance in alcohol-associated liver disease, a potential therapeutic target; compound shown to have benefit against inflammation in murine models of NASH and CCl₄–induced hepatic injury²⁰⁷
CCL5	–	Antagonism shown to have benefit against liver fibrosis in animal models and is a potential new target¹²²
CCL20	–	miR-590–5p-associated downregulation of CCL20 reduced fibrosis in NASH animal models, making it a novel therapeutic target²⁰³
CXCL10	NI-0801 (mAb)	Phase IIa studies show a good safety profile in patients with primary biliary cholangitis but failed to show clinical benefit²⁰⁴
Receptors
CCR2	CCX872	Demonstrated good safety profile in phase II trials; these studies are based on promising effects in NASH murine models^205,206
CXCR1/CXCR2	Reparixin	After demonstration of good safety profile in phase II studies, trials are under way for ischaemia-reperfusion injury prevention in liver transplant recipients²⁰⁸
CCR2/CCR5	Cenicriviroc	Multicentre phase II trials showed safety and efficacy signals; reduction of fibrosis at year 1 and maintenance at year 2 were noted in the phase IIb CENTAUR trial in patients with NASH compared with placebo; follow-up phase III trial is under way in patients with NASH and results are eagerly awaited^209,210 (AURORA; NCT03028740)

‘–’ in the Drugs column denotes no current named compounds in trials. CCl₄, carbon tetrachloride; mAb, monoclonal antibody; NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.