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. 2022 Apr 5;13:809642. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.809642

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Copyright © 2022 Liu, Ding, Zhai, Wang, Xiao, Hui, Sun, Yu, Zhang, Li and Xiao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Maternal betaine alters the gut microbiota in early-life high-fat diet offspring at 4 weeks of age. The cecal contents were collected from offspring at 4 weeks of age. (A) Shannon index (left) and Simpson index (right); (B) PCoA plots of gut microbiome; (C) relative abundance of the top 10 species at the genus level; (D) relative abundance of Desulfovibrio; (E) relative abundance of Romboutsia; (F) distinct taxa identified in the three groups using LEfSe analysis. The colors represent the group in which the indicated taxa is more abundant compared to the other group. Ctr.4, 4-week-old offspring of dams fed with the standard control diet; HF.4, 4-week-old offspring of dams fed with the high-fat diet; HFB.4, 4-week-old offspring of dams fed with the high-fat diet with betaine. Data are expressed as means ± S.E.M. (n = 6–8/group). One-way ANOVA; *p < 0.05 vs. Ctr, #p < 0.05 vs. HF.