Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of pregnant women.
| First trimester | Second trimester | Third trimester | Total population | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 391) | (n = 1,078) | (n = 2,209) | (n = 3,678) | |
| COVID-19 pandemic severity | ||||
| Low-severity | 15 (3.8) | 65 (6.0) | 78 (3.5) | 158 (4.3) |
| Moderate-severity | 368 (94.1) | 963 (89.3) | 2,094 (94.8) | 3,425 (93.1) |
| High-severity | 8 (2.0) | 50 (4.6) | 37 (1.7) | 95 (2.6) |
| Age (years) | ||||
| <25 | 32 (8.2) | 88 (8.2) | 130 (5.9) | 250 (6.8) |
| 25–30 | 214 (54.7) | 538 (49.9) | 1,067 (48.3) | 1,819 (49.5) |
| >30 | 145 (37.1) | 452 (41.9) | 1,012 (45.8) | 1,609 (43.7) |
| Region | ||||
| North | 192 (49.1) | 493 (45.7) | 1,456 (65.9) | 2,141 (58.2) |
| South | 199 (50.9) | 585 (54.3) | 753 (34.1) | 1,537 (41.8) |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m 2 ) | ||||
| Underweight <18.5 | 56 (14.3) | 155 (14.4) | 323 (14.6) | 534 (14.5) |
| Normal weight 18.5–23.9 | 274 (70.1) | 702 (65.1) | 1,509 (68.3) | 2,485 (67.6) |
| Overweight 24.0–27.9 | 43 (11.0) | 159 (14.7) | 297 (13.4) | 499 (13.6) |
| Obese ≥28.0 | 18 (4.6) | 62 (5.8) | 80 (3.6) | 160 (4.4) |
| Educational level | ||||
| Less than senior school | 32 (8.2) | 99 (9.2) | 123 (5.6) | 254 (6.9) |
| Senior school or technical secondary school | 37 (9.5) | 162 (15.0) | 232 (10.5) | 431 (11.7) |
| College degree or above | 322 (82.4) | 817 (75.8) | 1,854 (83.9) | 2,993 (81.4) |
| Monthly income (RMB) | ||||
| <5,000 | 221 (56.5) | 635 (58.9) | 1,144 (51.8) | 2,000 (54.4) |
| 5,000–10,000 | 140 (35.8) | 341 (31.6) | 829 (37.5) | 1,310 (35.6) |
| >10,000 | 30 (7.7) | 102 (9.5) | 236 (10.7) | 368 (10.0) |
| Assisted reproductive technology | ||||
| No | 341 (87.2) | 934 (86.6) | 1,989 (90.0) | 3,264 (88.7) |
| Yes | 50 (12.8) | 144 (13.4) | 220 (10.0) | 414 (11.3) |
| Gestational complications | ||||
| Anemia | ||||
| No | 312 (79.8) | 797 (73.9) | 1,486 (67.3) | 2,595 (70.6) |
| Yes | 25 (6.4) | 170 (15.8) | 626 (28.3) | 821 (22.3) |
| Not knowing | 54 (13.8) | 111 (10.3) | 97 (4.4) | 262 (7.1) |
| Hyperthyroidism | ||||
| No | 339 (86.7) | 967 (89.7) | 2,092 (94.7) | 3,398 (92.4) |
| Yes | 7 (1.8) | 30 (2.8) | 48 (2.2) | 85 (2.3) |
| Not knowing | 45 (11.5) | 81 (7.5) | 69 (3.1) | 195 (5.3) |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||
| No | 320 (81.8) | 846 (78.5) | 1,743 (78.9) | 2,909 (79.1) |
| Yes | 8 (2.0) | 57 (5.3) | 398 (18.0) | 463 (12.6) |
| Not knowing | 63 (16.1) | 175 (16.2) | 68 (3.1) | 306 (8.3) |
| Physical activity (MET-hours/week)* | ||||
| ≤ 56 | 114 (29.2) | 269 (25.0) | 552 (25.0) | 935 (25.4) |
| 57–86 | 79 (20.2) | 259 (24.0) | 588 (26.6) | 926 (25.2) |
| 87–130 | 95 (24.3) | 261 (24.2) | 559 (25.3) | 915 (24.9) |
| ≥131 | 103 (26.3) | 289 (26.8) | 510 (23.1) | 902 (24.5) |
| The number of visits to hospital* | ||||
| 0 | 106 (27.1) | 170 (15.8) | 265 (12.0) | 541 (14.7) |
| 1–2 | 197 (50.4) | 663 (61.5) | 1,172 (53.1) | 2,032 (55.2) |
| ≥3 | 88 (22.5) | 245 (22.7) | 772 (34.9) | 1,105 (30.0) |
| The number of ways to acquire self-care and parenting knowledge* | ||||
| 1–2 | 9 (2.3) | 7 (0.6) | 13 (0.6) | 29 (0.8) |
| 3 | 264 (67.5) | 689 (63.9) | 1,390 (62.9) | 2,343 (63.7) |
| >3 | 118 (30.2) | 382 (35.4) | 806 (36.5) | 1,306 (35.5) |
| Frequency of use of household fetal heart monitor* | ||||
| None | 186 (47.6) | 774 (71.8) | 1,555 (70.4) | 2,515 (68.4) |
| ≥1 times per day | 7 (1.8) | 141 (13.1) | 212 (9.6) | 360 (9.8) |
| 4–5 times per week | 35 (9.0) | 39 (3.6) | 62 (2.8) | 136 (3.7) |
| 2–3 times per week | 8 (2.0) | 67 (6.2) | 190 (8.6) | 265 (7.2) |
| 1–2 times per month | 155 (39.6) | 57 (5.3) | 190 (8.6) | 402 (10.9) |
| Frequency of intake of nutritional supplements* | ||||
| Folic acid | ||||
| None | 124 (31.7) | 583 (54.1) | 1,380 (62.5) | 2,087 (56.7) |
| 1 time per day | 229 (58.6) | 396 (36.7) | 608 (27.5) | 1,233 (33.5) |
| 4–5 times per week | 19 (4.9) | 41 (3.8) | 66 (3.0) | 126 (3.4) |
| 2–3 times per week | 9 (2.3) | 28 (2.6) | 64 (2.9) | 101 (2.7) |
| 1–2 times per month | 10 (2.6) | 30 (2.8) | 91 (4.1) | 131 (3.6) |
| Calcium | ||||
| None | 293 (74.9) | 449 (41.7) | 501 (22.7) | 1,243 (33.8) |
| 1 time per day | 64 (16.4) | 509 (47.2) | 1,363 (61.7) | 1,936 (52.6) |
| 4–5 times per week | 12 (3.1) | 53 (4.9) | 144 (6.5) | 209 (5.7) |
| 2–3 times per week | 7 (1.8) | 41 (3.8) | 146 (6.6) | 194 (5.3) |
| 1–2 times per month | 15 (3.8) | 26 (2.4) | 55 (2.5) | 96 (2.6) |
BMI, body mass index; RMB, Renminbi; MET, metabolic equivalent; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.
*
During the COVID-19 pandemic (between Jan 23 and Feb 29, 2020).
The data are presented as frequency (percentages). Percentages may not total 100 because of rounding.