TABLE 2.
Baseline echocardiographic characteristics of the study population and comparisons between patients with and without events.
| All Patients (n = 75) | Event-free Group (n = 47) | HF Event Group (n = 28) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peak Ao Gradient (mmHg) | 59.61 ± 22 | 54.74 ± 19.3 | 67.79 ± 24 | 0.012 |
| Mean Ao Gradient (mmHg) | 37.60 ± 13.4 | 34.45 ± 12.6 | 42.89 ± 13.2 | 0.008 |
| AVA (cm2) | 0.78 ± 0.2 | 0.83 ± 0.3 | 0.71 ± 0.2 | 0.068 |
| LAVI (ml/m2) | 34.23 ± 19.5 | 35.34 ± 17.1 | 44.64 ± 21.5 | 0.054 |
| LASr (%) | 23.55 ± 12.7 | 24.93 ± 12.9 | 16.22 ± 9.5 | 0.173 |
| LA stiffness | 0.75 ± 1.1 | 0.57 ± 0.4 | 1.01 ± 0.9 | 0.424 |
| EDV (ml) | 114.80 ± 29 | 115.40 ± 27.5 | 113.57 ± 32.5 | 0.806 |
| ESV (ml) | 40.97 ± 20.4 | 36.83 ± 15.8 | 49.43 ± 26 | 0.041 |
| EF (Simpson) % | 63.32 ± 10.6 | 67.67 ± 7.4 | 56.02 ± 11.2 | <0.001 |
| IVS (mm) | 12.33 ± 1.5 | 12.11 ± 1.2 | 12.71 ± 1.9 | 0.144 |
| PW (mm) | 11.97 ± 1.3 | 11.94 ± 1.2 | 12.04 ± 1.5 | 0.762 |
| LV GLS (%) | −17.03 ± 8.5 | −17.08 ± 9.8 | −16.90 ± 4.3 | 0.954 |
| PASP (mmHg) | 36.59 ± 15.7 | 31.00 ± 11.5 | 45.79 ± 17.4 | <0.001 |
| E (cm/s) | 83.21 ± 31.6 | 81.46 ± 28.3 | 85.69 ± 36.1 | 0.605 |
| A (cm/s) | 98.86 ± 27.5 | 105.44 ± 28.1 | 88.57 ± 23.7 | 0.020 |
| E/A | 0.87 ± 0.4 | 0.78 ± 0.2 | 1.00 ± 0.5 | 0.093 |
| DCT (ms) | 229.29 ± 63.5 | 238.79 ± 64.2 | 215.05 ± 60.4 | 0.177 |
| E’ (cm/s) | 8.55 ± 3.5 | 8.72 ± 3.1 | 8.27 ± 4.2 | 0.668 |
| E/e' (cm/s) | 11.35 ± 6.2 | 10.83 ± 5.2 | 12.17 ± 7.6 | 0.457 |
| RV Basal diameter (mm) | 35.55 ± 4.1 | 34.77 ± 3.3 | 36.44 ± 4.7 | 0.125 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 23.20 ± 4.9 | 24.54 ± 4.7 | 21.25 ± 4.6 | 0.006 |
| RV-PA coupling | 0.74 ± 0.35 | 0.87 ± 0.33 | 0.55 ± 0.29 | p < 0.001 |
| Lung ultrasound | ||||
| Total number of B-lines (n) | 22 ± 22 | 18 ± 23 | 29 ± 18 | 0.028 |
| ≥15 B-lines | 38 (50.6%) | 17 (36.1%) | 21 (75%) | 0.001 |
| ≥30 B-lines | 22 (29.3%) | 8 (17.%) | 14 (50%) | 0.002 |
Data are expressed as mean±SD, or number and percentage.
Ao Peak Gradient: estimated peak pressure gradient across the aortic valve, Ao mean gradient: estimated mean gradient across the aortic valve, AVA: calculated aortic valve area, LV EF: left ventricular Ejection Fraction, LV GLS: left ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain, IVS: intraventricular septum thickness, PW: posterior wall thickness, LAVI: left atrial volume index, LASR: left atrial reservoir strain, LA, stiffness: left atrial stiffness, E: early mitral inflow peak velocity, A: late mitral peak inflow velocity, DCT: E wave deceleration time, E/E’mean: the relationship between maximal values of passive mitral inflow (E, PW-Doppler) and lateral early diastolic mitral annular velocities (E′ TDI) PASP: pulmonary artery systolic pressure, TAPSE: Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion. RV-PA, coupling is the ratio of TAPSE, and PASP.