Table 1.
Study and patients' characteristics of the included trials.
| References | Design | Patient number | Number of EAM systems | Procedure type | Operators | Operators' experience with EAM systems | EAM system | Use of ICE | Sex (male/female number) | Median follow-up (days) | Mean age | Mean BMI or weight | ZF success |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Earley et al. (8) | Single center, prospective randomized | 96 | 45 | AVNRT, AVRT, AFL, Other | 2 | NA | EnSite NavX | NA | 53/43 | 42 | 52 ± 15; 47 ± 16 | NA | 100% |
| Smith and Clark (10) | Single center, retrospective, non-randomized | 60 | 30 | AVNRT, WPW, concealed pathway | NA | NA | EnSite NavX | NA | 25/35 | 90 | 12.6 ± 4.35 | 21.4; 18.4 (BMI) | 80% |
| Álvarez et al. (9) | Single center, prospective, non-randomized | 100 | 50 | AVNRT | NA | NA | EnSite NavX | NA | 20/80 | 180 | 59.15 ± 15 | NA | 98% |
| Kwong et al. (11) | Single center, retrospective, non-randomized | 388 | 318 | AVRT, AVNRT | NA | NA | EnSite NavX | NA | 219/167 | NA | 11.9 ± 4.2 12.2 ± 3.7 | 47 ± 19.6 53.1 ± 22.4 (kg) |
NA |
| Stec et al. (12) | Multicenter, prospective, non-randomized | 902 | 188 | AVNRT, WPW/AVRT, AFL, AT | NA | NO | EnSite NavX | NO | 413/489 | 240 ± 156; 330 ± 171 | 45 ± 21; 52 ± 18 | NA | 95% |
| Casella et al. (13) | Multicenter, prospective, randomized | 262 | 134 | AVNRT, Right AP, Left AP, AFL, AT | NA | YES | EnSite NavX | NA | 110/152 | 360 ± 132 | 36.3 ± 10.4 35.4 ± 10.4 | 24.4+ 4.4 23.5+ 4.4 (BMI) |
72% |
| Schoene et al. (14) |
Single center, prospective, randomized | 40 | 20 | AFL | 2 | YES | MediGuide | NA | 34/6 | 180 | 65.2 ± 12 | 28.8 ± 4 (BMI) |
NA |
| Romero et al. (15) | Single center, prospective, non-randomized | 779 | 255 | AT, AVNRT, WPW, AFL | NA | NA | EnSite NavX, CARTO | NA | 440/332 | NA | 52 ± 19 | NA | NA |
| Giaccardi et al. (16) | Multicenter, retrospective, non-randomized | 442 | 297 | AT, AVNRT, AVRT, AFL | 3 | NO | EnSite Velocity | NA | 104/338 | NA | 59 ± 19; 58 ± 19 | NA | NA |
| Seizer et al. (17) | Single center, retrospective, non-randomized | 184 | 91 | AVNRT, WPW, AT, AFL | NA | NA | EnSite NavX and Velocity | NO | 87/97 | 389 ± 217 | 52.1 ± 19.1; 36.0 ± 22.1 | 79.4 ± 20.4; 70.5 ± 21.3 (kg) |
100% |
| See et al. (18) | Single center, prospective, non-randomized | 200 | 79 | AVNRT, AVRT | NA | NA | EnSite NavX, CARTO | NA | 110/90 | 360 | 39.5 ± 16.3; 43.4 ± 17.9 | NA | NA |
| Nagaraju et al. (19) |
Single center, retrospective | 83 | 63 | AVNRT, AVRT | 1 | NO | CARTO | YES (only for transseptal puncture) | 46/37 | 148 (ZF) 329 (F) |
13.7; 16.9 | NA | 54% |
| Marini et al. (20) | Single center, retrospective, non-randomized | 93 | 57 | AVNRT, AVRT, AT, EPS, VT | NA | NA | EnSite NavX, CARTO | NA | 57/26 | 720 | NA | 65 (55–70); 57 (54–60) (kg) |
NA |
| Swissa et al. (21) | Single center, prospective, non-randomized | 139 | 64 | AVNRT | 2 | NA | EnSite NavX | NA | 68/71 | 360 | 12.8 ± 3.5 (4.3–17.8); 12.9 ± 3.8 (5–17.9) | 19.5 ± 1.9 (15.7–22.1); 20.1 ± 4.1 (12.4–30.5) (BMI) |
NA |
| Walsh et al. (22) | Single center, retrospective, non-randomized | 92 | 50 | AT, AVNRT, AVRT, EPS | 1 | NO | EnSite Precision | YES (only for transseptal puncture) | 55/37 | 147 | 56 (36-69); 66 (49–74) | NA | 94% |
| Tseng et al. (23) | Single center, retrospective, non-randomized | 109 | 41 | AVNRT, AT | NA | NA | EnSite Precision | NA | 56/47 | 321 | 12.5; 12 | 53.1; 46.1 (kg) |
100% |
| Pires et al. (24) | Single center, prospective, randomized | 23 | 12 | SVT, AFL, RVOT, AT | NA | NA | EnSite NavX | NA | 9/14 | NA | 48.5 ± 1.6; 46.3 ± 16.6 | NA | 100% |
| Dengke et al. (25) | Single center, retrospective, non-randomized | 227 | 112 | left-AVRT | NA | NO | EnSite NavX | NA | 135/92 | 90 | 50.2 ± 18.9 55.6 ± 17.9 | NA | NA |
| Ceresnak et al. (26) | Multicenter, retrospective, non-randomized | 651 | 366 | AVRT | NA | NA | EnSite NavX, CARTO | NO | 378/273 | 42 ± 36 | 13.0 ± 4.0 | 54.3 ± 23.3 (kg) |
NA |
| Cauti et al. (29) | Single center | 20 | 10 | AVNRT, AT, AVRT, AFL | 4 | NA | Rhythmia | NA | NA | 180 | 58 ± 12 | NA | 80% |
| Chen et al. (28) | Multicenter, prospective, non-randomized | 3,060 | 1,020 | AVNRT, AVRT | NA | NA | EnSite NavX | YES | 1,367/1,693 | 291 ± 120 | 45.3 ± 5.4 | 63.8 ± 11.7 (kg) |
99.3% |
| Fadhle et al. (27) | Single center, prospective, non-randomized | 300 | 200 | AVNRT, AVRT | 4 | NO | EnSite NavX, CARTO | NA | 118/282 | 360 | 45.3 ± 15.4 | 63.8 ± 11.7 (kg) |
99.5% |
| Di Cori et al. (30) | Single center, retrospective, non-randomized | 206 | 93 | EPS, AVNRT, AVRT, AT, AFL | NA | NA | CARTO, EnSite NavX/Velocity/Precision | NA | 107/99 | 360 | 53 ± 19 | 26 ± 3.4; 25 ± 3.5 |
58% |
| Bergonti et al. (31) |
Single center, retrospective, non-randomized | 618 | 206 | AVNRT, AVRT | NA | NA | EnSite NavX, CARTO | NA | 247/371 | 1,584 | 38 ± 15 | NA | 67.5% |
Abl, ablation; AFL, atrial flutter; AP, accessory pathway; AT, atrial tachycardia; AVNRT, atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia; AVRT, atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia; BMI, body mass index; EPS, electrophysiology study; NA, not available; RVOT, right ventricular outflow tract-ventricular tachycardia; WPW, Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome.