Table 3.
Sleep Opportunity and Sleep Disorders/Symptoms [% (N)] with Possible Influence on Sleep Difficulties and Daytime Symptoms
| No DIMS | ≥1 Acute DIMS Only | ≥1 Chronic DIMS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ± daytime symptoms | ± daytime symptoms | No chronic daytime symptoms | ≥ 1 chronic daytime symptom | ≥ 1 chronic daytime symptom | p value across chronic DIMS groups | |
| + TIB <7.5hr | + TIB ≥7.5hr (Insomnia) | |||||
| (n=791) | (n=165) | (n=227) | (n=147) | (n=402) | ||
| Sleep opportunity | ||||||
| Routine allows enough sleep sometimes/rarely/never | 34.6 (274) | 58.2 (96) | 42.3 (96) | 71.8 (107) | 54.5a (219) | <0.001 |
| Satisfactory or adequate sleep a ≥few times week in the past month | 65.4 (517) | 49.1 (81) | 65.2 (148) | 31.5 (47) | 41.3a (166) | <0.001 |
| Perceived sleep problem -yes/maybe | 20.8 (159) | 47.0 (71) | 63.3 (138) | 83.7 (123) | 75.1a (293) | <0.001 |
| Time in Bed, hours | ||||||
| <6 | 2.9 (23) | 4.2 (7) | 2.6 (6) | 15.6 (23) | - | |
| 6 to < 7.5 | 16.1 (127) | 10.9 (18) | 15.0 (34) | 84.4 (124) | - | |
| 7.5 to <9 | 51.8 (410) | 48.5 (80) | 42.3 (96) | - | 59.2 (238) | |
| ≥ 9 | 29.2 (231) | 36.4 (60) | 40.1 (91) | - | 40.8 (164) | |
| Ever diagnosed sleep disorders | ||||||
| Insomnia | 2.5 (20) | 7.9 (13) | 4.4 (10) | 14.1 (21) | 5.5a (22) | <0.001 |
| OSA | 4.9 (39) | 6.1 (10) | 5.3 (12) | 7.4 (11) | 5.5 (22) | 0.64 |
| Restless legs/PLMS | 2.8 (22) | 4.2 (7) | 4.0 (9) | 6.7 (10) | 7.7 (31) | 0.18 |
| Sleep disorder symptoms ≥3 times/week past month | ||||||
| Loud snoring | 9.1 (72) | 19.4 (32) | 14.5 (33) | 21.5 (32) | 23.4 (94) | 0.029 |
| Breathing pauses | 3.0 (24) | 11.5 (19) | 4.8 (11) | 13.4 (20) | 13.4 (54) | 0.002 |
| Unpleasant, tingling, restless feelings in the legs | 6.3 (50) | 17.0 (28) | 8.8 (20) | 28.9 (43) | 22.9 (92) | <0.001 |
| Used prescribed sleep medication ≥3 times/week past year | 2.6 (20) | 8.8 (14) | 3.1 (7) | 10.7 (16) | 9.7 (39) | 0.022 |
| Napping behaviour/week | ||||||
| None | 51.8 (395) | 35.1 (54) | 52.9 (117) | 31.7 (46) | 40.3 (160) | <0.001 |
| Once | 20.2 (154) | 23.4 (36) | 16.7 (37) | 13.1 (19) | 20.4 (81) | |
| ≥ 2–3 times/week, <30 min duration | 13.9 (106) | 16.9 (26) | 14.0 (31) | 18.6 (27) | 13.9 (55) | |
| ≥ 2–3 times/week ≥30 min duration | 14.2 (108) | 24.7 (38) | 16.3 (36) | 36.6 (53) | 25.4a (101) | |
Note: a p<0.05 for difference in distribution across chronic DIMS and chronic daytime symptoms groups ± 7.5 hrs TIB.
Abbreviations: DIMS, difficulties initiating or maintaining sleep; PLMS, periodic leg movements in sleep; TIB, time in bed before work days or weekdays.