Fig 10. Neutralization of H. hypnale venom lethality by anti-venoms using the murine model.

Groups (n = 6) of mice were independently injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 2 LD₅₀ (7 mg/kg) dose of Hhv in 50 μl of PBS. Post 10 min of venom injection, the mice were administered with ED₅₀ (140 mg/kg), and 2 ED₅₀ (280 mg/kg) doses of HhAV, and 700 mg/kg body weight of EcAV, DrAV, BhAV, and ViAV independently via tail vein (i.v.). Groups of mice that received venom alone and PBS were served as control experiments. Mice were kept under observation for 24 h and the time of death was recorded. The percent survival analysis of mice was done by constructing the Kaplan-Meier survival curve, the p-value was calculated using the log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test, ***p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001.