Table 1.
Semi-structured qualitative interview participant baseline characteristics (n = 17), 2018–2021
| n (%) | |
|---|---|
| Age (mean, SD) | 40.4 (SD 8.2) |
| Age (median, IQR) | 39 [33, 45] |
| Gender | |
| Male | 9 (52.9%) |
| Female | 8 (47.1%) |
| Race/Ethnicity | |
| White | 16 (94.1%) |
| Black | 1 (5.9%) |
| Education | |
| Elementary | 3 (17.7%) |
| Some high school | 7 (41.2%) |
| High school graduate | 4 (23.5%) |
| Some college/technical | 2 (11.8%) |
| Missing | 1 (5.9%) |
| Household income less than $25,000 | 8 (47.1%) |
| Homeless (past 6 months) | 10 (58.8%) |
| Accessed food supports (past 6 months) | 16 (94.1%) |
| Healthcare services | |
| Do you currently see a primary care provider at least once per year | 5 (26.3%) |
| Have you ever had bad experiences with primary care such that you considered not going anymore? | 10 (52.6%) |
| Drug use (past 30 days) | |
| Inject more than one time in a single sitting, from same solution (past 30-day average amount) | 11 (64.7%) |
| Which of the following places have you injected (past 30 days) | |
| Your own place | 15 (88.2%) |
| A friend, family member, or acquaintance's place | 12 (70.6%) |
| Dealer's place | 10 (58.8%) |
| Car or other vehicle | 10 (58.8%) |
| On the street | 2 (11.8%) |
| Public or state park | 4 (23.5%) |
| In the woods or other outdoor location | 5 (29.4%) |
| Public restroom or restroom in a store/business | 8 (47.1%) |
| Abandoned building | 2 (11.8%) |
| Barn | 1 (5.9%) |
| Sharing practices (past 30 days) | |
| Use a syringe/needle that you know used by someone else | 4 (23.5%) |
| Use a cotton/cooker/spoon rinse by somebody else | 6 (35.3%) |
| Let someone else use a cotton/cooker/spoon after used it | 4 (23.5%) |
| Inject drugs that somebody else injected | 4 (23.5%) |
| Any of the above | 7 (41.2%) |
| Overdose risk and prevention | |
| How many times in the past 30 days have you injected alone? (mean, SD) | 19.9 (SD 21.2) |
| How many times in the past 30 days have you injected alone? [median, IQR] | 15 [2, 25] |
| Do you currently carry naloxone or Narcan with you when you leave the house? | 6 (35.3%) |
| Have you given naloxone or Narcan to anyone you do drugs with? | 10 (58.8%) |
| Have you ever used naloxone or Narcan on someone to reverse an overdose? | 8 (47.1%) |
| Do you currently have naloxone or Narcan with you or at home? | 10 (58.8%) |
| Source of needles/syringes (past 30 days) | |
| Pharmacy | 12 (70.6%) |
| Syringe or needle exchange program | 5 (29.4%) |
| Overdose experiences | |
| Ever experienced an overdose | 12 (70.6%) |
| Lifetime number of overdose(s) experienced (mean, SD) | 5.6 (SD 8.8) |
| Lifetime number of overdose(s) experienced [median, IQR] | 2 [1, 4] |
| Witnessed an overdose | 15 (88.2%) |
| Have you ever been trained to recognize and respond to an overdose? | 8 (47.1%) |
| Have you ever called 911 because someone overdosed? | 9 (52.9%) |
| Have you ever gotten an overdose reversal kit or prescription for naloxone or Narcan? | 10 (58.8%) |
| Have you ever used naloxone or Narcan on someone to reverse an overdose? | 9 (47.1%) |
| Do you currently have naloxone or Narcan with you or at home? | 10 (58.8%) |
| How many people you know have died from an overdose in the past 6 months? | 11 (64.7%) |