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. 2022 Apr 22;6(5):e0713. doi: 10.1097/HS9.0000000000000713

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Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the European Hematology Association.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

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Figure 1. — Blood plasma levels of IL-6 (A), IL-10 (B), TNF-α (C), CXCL10 (D), IL-8 (E), RANTES/CCL5 (F), S100A4 (G), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF -β1) (H) in four groups of patients (N = 111) compared with healthy elderly controls (N = 21). All cytokine levels are shown after log2-transformation. One-way ANOVA test is used for comparison between the two groups for each cytokine; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. ANOVA = analysis of variance; CCUS = clonal cytopenias of undetermined significance; CXCL10 = C-X-C motif chemokine 10; HR-MDS = higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes; ICUS = idiopathic cytopenias of undetermined significance; IL = interleukin; LR-MDS = lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes; RANTES = regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor α.