Table 1.
Demographic and Tumor Characteristics of Patients with Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma According to Presence or Absence of Human Papillomavirus.
| Variable | Total # (%) | HPV-Positive Total # (%) | HPV-Negative Total # (%) | p-value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Age | N = 36 | N = 20 | N = 16 | 0.1369 |
| Mean (SD) | 60.3 (14.7) | 57.1 (13.0) | 64.4 (16.2) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | N = 36 | N = 20 | N = 16 | |
| White/Caucasian | 23 (63.9) | 14 (70.0) | 9 (56.3) | 0.4932 |
| Hispanic | 6 (16.7) | 1 (5.00) | 5 (31.3) | 0.0689 |
| African-American | 7 (19.4) | 5 (25.0) | 2 (12.5) | 0.4264 |
| History of Smoking | N = 36 | N = 20 | N = 16 | 0.0910 |
| Yes | 20 (55.6) | 14 (70.0) | 6 (37.5) | |
| No | 16 (44.4) | 6 (30.0) | 10 (62.5) | |
| History of HPV Infection | N=21 | N=12 | N=9 | 0.6605 |
| Yes | 9 (42.9) | 6 (50.0) | 3 (33.3) | |
| No | 12 (57.1) | 6 (50.0) | 6 (66.7) | |
| History of Abnormal Pap | N=33 | N=19 | N=14 | 0.4587 |
| Yes | 11 (33.3) | 5 (26.3) | 6 (42.9) | |
| No | 22 (66.7) | 14 (73.7) | 8 (57.1) | |
| History of Lichen Sclerosus | N=36 | N=20 | N=16 | 0.2853 |
| Yes | 10 (27.8) | 4 (20.0) | 6 (37.5) | |
| No | 26 (72.2) | 16 (80.0) | 10 (62.5) | |
| Initial Symptoms at Presentation | N=36 | N=20 | N=16 | |
| Vulvar Mass | 23 (63.9) | 12 (60.0) | 11 (68.8) | 0.7314 |
| Urinary symptoms | 11 (30.6) | 5 (25.0) | 6 (37.5) | 0.4834 |
| Itching | 9 (25.0) | 5 (25.0) | 4 (25.0) | >0.999 |
| Bleeding/Draining | 18 (50.0) | 12 (60.0) | 6 (37.5) | 0.3145 |
| Surgical Intervention | N=36 | N=20 | N=16 | 0.4921 |
| Wide Local Excision | 2 (5.6) | 2 (10.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Vulvectomy | 34 (94.4) | 18 (90.0) | 16 (100.0) | |
| Nodal involvement | N=28 | N=17 | N=11 | 0.4087 |
| Yes | 9 (32.1) | 4 (23.5) | 5 (45.5) | |
| No | 19 (67.9) | 13 (76.5) | 6 (54.5) | |
| Lymphovascular Space Invasion | N=36 | N=20 | N=16 | 0.7225 |
| Yes | 10 (27.8) | 5 (25.0) | 5 (31.3) | |
| No | 26 (72.2) | 15 (75.0) | 11 (68.8) | |
| FIGO Stage (2018) | N=36 | N=20 | N=16 | 0.4834 |
| IB | 25 (69.4) | 15 (75.0) | 10 (62.5) | |
| IIIA/B/C | 11 (30.6) | 5 (25.0) | 6 (37.5) | |
| Histology | N=36 | N=20 | N=16 | 0.6750 |
| Keratinizing | 29 (80.6) | 17 (85.0) | 12 (75.0) | |
| Nonkeratinizing/Basaloid/Mixed | 7 (19.4) | 3 (15.0) | 4 (25.0) | |
| Depth of Invasion (mm) | N=36 | N=20 | N=16 | 0.7410 |
| Mean (SD) | 10.7 (9.3) | 11.1 (11.4) | 10.1 (6.06) | |
| Greatest Dimension of Tumor Size (mm) | N=36 | N=20 | N=16 | 0.5204 |
| Mean (SD) | 37.2 (21.7) | 35.1 (21.5) | 39.8 (22.3) | |
| Tumor Borders | N=22 | N=11 | N=11 | |
| Infiltrating | 17 (77.3) | 7 (63.6) | 10 (90.9) | 0.3108 |
| Pushing | 5 (22.7) | 4 (36.4) | 1 (9.1) | |
| Focality | N=35 | N=19 | N=16 | >0.999 |
| Unifocal | 27 (77.1) | 15 (78.9) | 12 (75.0) | |
| Multifocal | 8 (22.9) | 4 (21.1) | 4 (25.0) | |
| Post-Operative Chemo-radiation | N=30 | N=16 | N=14 | 0.3778 |
| Yes | 6 (20.0) | 2 (12.5) | 4 (28.6) | |
| No | 24 (80.0) | 14 (87.5) | 10 (71.4) | |
| Recurrence | N=28 | N=16 | N=12 | 0.7036 |
| Yes | 14 (50.0) | 7 (43.8) | 7 (58.3) | |
| No | 14 (50.0) | 9 (56.3) | 5 (41.7) | |
| Immunotherapy | N=28 | N=16 | N=12 | 0.1746 |
| Yes | 2 | 0 (0.0) | 2 (16.7) | |
| No | 26 | 16 (100.0) | 10 (83.3) | |
| Death | N=28 | N=16 | N=12 | 0.4319 |
| Yes | 9 (32.1) | 4 (25.0) | 5 (41.7) | |
| No | 19 (67.9) | 12 (75.0) | 7 (58.3) | |
| Length of Follow-Up (months) Mean (SD) | N=36 34.8 (25.3) | N=20 33.1 (24.1) | N=16 36.9 (27.3) | 0.6612 |
Abbreviations: HPV, human papillomavirus; SD, standard deviation; Pap, Papanicolaou; FIGO, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics; mm, millimeters.
†
Continuous data was analyzed using an unpaired 2-tailed Student’s t-test and categorical data were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test in GraphPad Prism® version 9.0.0. P-values are reported for tests of statistical significance. All comparisons were two-tailed and the alpha error was set at 5%.