Table 3.

Types of Disputes by 3 Types of Mitigation Measures—Emergency Declarations, Movement Restrictions, and Physical and Social Distancing

Type of Dispute	Emergency Declaration	Type of Mitigation Measure
		Movement Restriction				Physical and Social Distancing
		Border Closure	Stay at Home	Isolation or Quarantine	Lockdown or All Movement Restrictions	Opening or Closure of Schools	Physical Closure of Business	Restriction or Ban on Gathering
Issuing government had no authority	30, 54	–	56	32, 64	48, 67	54	–	49
Authority was delegated	63	–	–	–	56, 67, 82	–	56	–
Authority exceeded	29, 33	52	60, 61, 62	40, 41, 50	29, 53, 56, 82	72	–	61
Authority not consulted	29, 33	–	61	–	29, 53, 65, 67	–	–	53, 61, 71
Conflict with another law	29, 30, 33, 54, 69	–	25, 28, 60	32, 40, 41, 59, 64	19, 29, 48, 70	–	57, 23, 27, 28	76, 77
Not rational (rationality or irrationality)	69	–	60	40, 41	65, 67, 72	72	57	71
Not proportional (proportionality)	30, 31, 63	–	60, 61, 62	40, 41, 59, 64	48	–	–	53, 61, 71
Not necessary (necessity)	30, 31	–	–	40, 41	72	–	–	61
Violation of right(s)	30, 31, 54, 63, 69	–	24, 25, 28, 56, 60, 61, 62	32, 40, 41, 50, 59, 64	29, 37, 48, 53, 56, 65, 67, 69, 70, 72, 74, 80, 81, 75	54, 72	23, 26	22, 36, 49, 53, 65, 71, 76, 77
Issue in implementation (or lack thereof)	31	–	60	41, 50	72, 74, 80, 81, 82	54, 72	57	36, 49
Illegal method of enforcement	–	–	60, 62	–	67, 70	–	–	49

Note: The numbers refer to references.