Table 1.

Characteristics of the control groups

Charakteristika der Kontrollgruppen

Baccetti et al. [3]	Ghislanzoni et al. [9]	Cozza et al. [6]	Baysal and Uysal [4]
n = 14	n = 17	n = 30	n = 20
Class II CVS III	ANB ≥ 4° Angle class II CVMS II	Overjet > 5 mm Angle class II ANB > 5° SNB < 78°	ANB > 4° SNB < 78° Overjet ≥ 5 mm SN-GoGn = 32° ± 6° Angle class II Patients with fourth (S and H2) or fifth (MP3cap, PP1cap, Rcap) epiphyseal stages on hand–wrist radiograph
7 girls and 7 boys	Female and male sex	15 girls and 15 boys	9 girls and 11 boys
Mean age: 13 years 7 months	–	9–11 years (mean age: 10)	Mean age: 12.17 years

CVMS cervical vertebral maturation stage