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. 2022 Apr 12;10:866627. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.866627

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Copyright © 2022 Meng, Xue, Yin, Gao, Wang and Geng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) MiR-214-containing exosomes from osteoclasts inhibited osteoblast function via ephrinA2/EphA2 recognition and can also be secreted into the blood as a biomarker for bone loss (Sun et al., 2016). (B) Schematic illustration of the mechanism that osteoblast-derived EVs pretreated with TSA enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs and osteoblast mineralization (Man et al., 2021). (C) 3D-printed porous PCL scaffold functionalized with VEGF@CPC-derived exosomes exhibited better osteogenic and angiogenic ability (Zha et al., 2021).