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. 2022 Apr 12;10:866627. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.866627

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Copyright © 2022 Meng, Xue, Yin, Gao, Wang and Geng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Diagram of bone targeting and functional EC-exos (Song et al., 2019). (B) FLSs-exos carrying miR-486-5p inhibited Tob1 to activate the BMP/Smad signaling pathway, thus enhancing osteoblast proliferation, mineralization, and differentiation, then alleviating RA (Chen J. et al., 2020). (C) Schematic mechanism of bone healing accelerated by the damaged brain. Damaged neurons released exosomes, which were rich in miR-328a-3p and miR-150-5p. They could target FOXO4 and CBL and thus promoted osteogenesis (Xia et al., 2021).