Table 1.
General characteristics of participants.
| Young |
Middle-aged |
Old |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Male | Female | All | Male | Female | All | Male | Female | |
| Subjects | 30 | 14 | 16 | 30 | 13 | 17 | 33 | 16 | 17 |
| Age (years) | 37.4 (5.5) | 36.7 (6.6) | 37.9 (4.5) | 49.9 (3.2) | 49.8 (3.6) | 50.0 (2.9) | 61.0 (4.3) | 60.8 (4.6) | 61.2 (4.2) |
| Height (cm) | 166.2 (7.9) | 172.4 (5.2) | 160.8 (5.4)∗∗∗ | 162.3 (7.9) | 168.8 (7.1) | 157.4 (4.1)∗∗∗ | 159.8 (7.6) | 164.7 (5.1) | 155.2 (6.7)∗∗∗ |
| Weight (kg) | 68.2 (13.4) | 76.8 (7.5) | 60.6 (13.0)∗∗∗ | 67.3 (15.3) | 77.3 (16.4) | 59.6 (8.7)∗∗ | 65.1 (10.4) | 71.8 (8.0) | 58.9 (8.5)∗∗∗ |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.5 (3.7) | 25.8 (2.5) | 23.4 (4.3) | 25.3 (4.1) | 27.0 (4.6) | 24.0 (3.3)∗ | 25.4 (3.2) | 26.4 (2.8) | 24.5 (3.3) |
| BP_S (mmHg) | 129.2 (12.9) | 136.1 (11.6) | 123.2 (11.2)∗∗ | 129.2 (19.0) | 134.5 (20.5) | 125.1 (17.3) | 134.2 (22.7) | 133.9 (19.7) | 134.5 (25.8) |
| BP_D (mmHg) | 73.9 (8.9) | 76.6 (10.1) | 71.4 (7.0) | 76.6 (13.6) | 81.9 (13.9) | 72.5 (12.2) | 76.3 (12.0) | 79.6 (11.6) | 73.2 (11.9) |
| EF (%) | 67.0 (9.9) | 68.3 (9.6) | 67.2 (8.3) | 70.7 (10.9) | 72.7 (6.2) | 69.2 (13.5) | 72.7 (8.9) | 72.3 (10.3) | 73.1 (7.7) |
| Pulse rate (bpm) | 81.3 (14.7) | 83.6 (17.3) | 79.3 (12.1) | 77.4 (10.0) | 72 (6.7) | 81.6 (10.3)∗∗ | 77.0 (10.7) | 78.6 (10.5) | 75.6 (11.0) |
Data are presented as means (standard deviations in parentheses). ∗ Male versus female in same age group, p < 0.05; ∗∗ Male versus female in same age group, p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ Male versus female in same age group, p < 0.001. BMI, body mass index; BP_S, systolic blood pressure; BP_D, diastolic blood pressure; EF, ejection fraction; bpm beats per minute.