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. 2022 Apr 12;9:865230. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.865230

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Copyright © 2022 Kellers, Fernandez, Konukiewitz, Schindeldecker, Tagscherer, Heintz, Jesinghaus, Roth and Foersch.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Induction of cellular senescence in vitro by Etoposide treatment. (A) Morphological appearance of Etoposide (Eto)-treated and control (DMSO) Caco2 cells using brightfield microscopy (upper panel), normal H&E-stained sections of cytoblocks (middle panel) and TEM (lower panel). Senescent cells adopt a characteristic “fried egg” morphology, including an enlarged shape and nucleus. Cytoplasmatic vacuolation is apparent. (B) Increased senescence SA-β-GAL staining indicates senescence induction. SA-β-GAL-positive cells were counted after DMSO and Etoposide-treatment. (C) FACS analysis confirms senescence induction in Etoposide-treated cells.