Table 1.
Patient characteristics before and after matching.
| Before PSM (n = 792) | After PSM (n = 518) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | No cardiac rehabilitation (n = 650) | Cardiac rehabilitation (n = 142) | SMD | No cardiac rehabilitation (n = 381) | Cardiac rehabilitation (n = 137) | SMD |
| Age, years; mean (SD) | 64.32 (15.03) | 57.40 (12.57) | 0.500 | 58.88 (14.43) | 57.77 (12.34) | 0.083 |
| Sex (male); n (%) | 463 (71.2) | 116 (81.7) | 0.248 | 321 (84.3) | 111 (81.0) | 0.085 |
| BMI (kg/m2); mean (SD) | 25.23 (5.05) | 26.09 (4.61) | 0.178 | 25.78 (5.02) | 26.00 (4.56) | 0.046 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg); mean (SD) | 124.46 (23.18) | 120.34 (20.65) | 0.188 | 120.56 (21.48) | 120.37 (20.45) | 0.009 |
| Diastolic BP; mean (mmHg) (SD) | 72.12 (14.81) | 72.18 (14.38) | 0.004 | 71.65 (14.76) | 71.78 (13.72) | 0.009 |
| HR (beats/min); mean (SD) | 81.78 (17.87) | 82.68 (15.65) | 0.053 | 81.42 (17.37) | 82.37 (15.32) | 0.058 |
| Ischemic CM; n (%) | 466 (71.7) | 105 (73.9) | 0.051 | 284 (74.5) | 101 (73.7) | 0.019 |
| HTN; n (%) | 425 (65.4) | 90 (63.4) | 0.042 | 229 (60.1) | 86 (62.8) | 0.055 |
| DM; n (%) | 301 (46.3) | 54 (38) | 0.168 | 153 (40.2) | 52 (38.0) | 0.045 |
| Hyperlipidemia; n (%) | 260 (40.0) | 63 (44.4) | 0.088 | 169 (44.4) | 61 (44.5) | 0.003 |
| Stroke; n (%) | 81 (12.5) | 19 (13.4) | 0.027 | 48 (12.6) | 18 (13.1) | 0.016 |
| Hb (gm/dl); mean (SD) | 12.73 (2.39 | 13.34 (2.21) | 0.264 | 13.32 (2.26) | 13.34 (2.23) | 0.010 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2); mean (SD) | 56.27 (30.78) | 65.36 (28.91) | 0.305 | 63.01 (30.12) | 65.24 (28.62) | 0.076 |
| LVEF; mean (SD) | 29.89 (7.10) | 29.06 (6.90) | 0.119 | 29.37 (7.27) | 29.06 (6.98) | 0.042 |
| ACEI or ARB; n (%) | 535 (82.3) | 122 (85.9) | 0.099 | 338 (88.7) | 117 (85.4) | 0.099 |
| ARNI; n (%) | 54 (8.3) | 13 (9.2) | 0.030 | 27 (7.1) | 13 (9.5) | 0.087 |
| Beta-blockers; n (%) | 529 (81.4) | 119 (83.8) | 0.064 | 317 (83.2) | 115 (83.9) | 0.020 |
| MRA; n (%) | 324 (49.8) | 84 (59.2) | 0.188 | 217 (57.0) | 80 (58.4) | 0.029 |
| Diuretics; n (%) | 515 (79.2) | 109 (76.8) | 0.060 | 297 (78.0) | 106 (77.4) | 0.014 |
| Atrial fibrillation; n (%) | 204 (31.4) | 84 (59.2) | 0.188 | 109 (28.6) | 37 (27.0) | 0.036 |
PSM, propensity score matching; SMD, standard mean difference; SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HR, heart rate; CM, cardiomyopathy; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; Hb, hemoglobin; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; ACEI, angiotensin converted enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; ARNI, angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist.