Table 1.

Demographic characteristics and clinical data in outcome groups.

Variable	No IVH/PVL (n = 138)	IVH/PVL (n = 24)	P -value
Gestational age in weeksb	27.3 ± 20 days	25.9 ± 15 days	0.010+
Birth weight in gb	872 ± 308	721 ± 319	0.029+
Male gendera	61 (44.2%)	16 (66.7%)	0.042*
C-sectiona	128 (92.8%)	17 (70.8%)	0.005*
Antenatal steroids (completed)a	86 (62.8%)	9 (37.5%)	0.020*
Intubation during first 72 ha	78 (56.5%)	20 (83.3%)	0.013*
Catecholamines during first 72 ha	37 (26.8%)	14 (58.3%)	0.002*
Starting time of catecholamines in hours after birthb	31.2 ± 14.8	29.0 ± 13.7	0.008+
Red blood cell transfusiona	39 (28.2%)	13 (54.2%)	0.012*
Mortality until dischargea	7 (5.1%)	5 (20.8%)	0.018*

^aCount (percentage of total).

^bMean value ± standard deviation.

⁺Independent samples t-test.

^*Chi²-test. IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; PVL, periventricular leukomalacia.