Table 3.

Spring transition, disaggregate spatial and temporal models: RDD results summary

Location	Band	Time period	All casualties						Fatalities
			BW	n	${\mathit{Y}}_{\mathit{b}\mathit{e}\mathit{f}\mathit{o}\mathit{r}\mathit{e}}$	${\mathit{Y}}_{\mathit{a}\mathit{f}\mathit{t}\mathit{e}\mathit{r}}$	${\mathit{\tau }}_{\mathit{S}\mathit{R}\mathit{D}}$	% Change	BW	n	${\mathit{Y}}_{\mathit{b}\mathit{e}\mathit{f}\mathit{o}\mathit{r}\mathit{e}}$	${\mathit{Y}}_{\mathit{a}\mathit{f}\mathit{t}\mathit{e}\mathit{r}}$	${\mathit{\tau }}_{\mathit{S}\mathit{R}\mathit{D}}$	% Change
Aggregate		1	22	27 145	1260	1507	−0.110 (0.024)***	−0.12	40	12 744	133	81	−0.067 (0.022)**	−0.70
		4	38	43 472	6565	6597	−0.059 (0.020)**	−0.01
		5	46	48 906	6918	4456	−0.130 (0.025)***	−0.03
Northing band	1000–2000	1	28	9925	474	591	−0.095 (0.034)**	−0.28
		3	36	15 992	3880	3623	−0.162 (0.042)***	−0.06
		4	38	16 008	2350	2343	−0.067 (0.029)*	−0.04
		5	48	17 991	2606	1610	−0.146 (0.041)***	−0.08
	2000–3000	3	74	19 698	3182	3346	−0.137 (0.047)**	−0.06
	3000–4000	1	34	8365	315	340	−0.075 (0.035)*	−0.33	44	2648	25	19	−0.046 (0.021)*	−2.58
		3	64	14 496	3197	3044	−0.167 (0.063)**	−0.07
		5	52	13 233	1342	1073	−0.086 (0.042)*	−0.09
Easting band	3000–4000	1	28	8370	324	311	−0.148 (0.056)**	−0.64	62	4510	67	34	−0.139 (0.055)*	−2.89
	4000–5000	1	30	11 814	522	479	−0.069 (0.030)*	−0.18
		3	74	28 000	6172	6235	−0.171 (0.049)***	−0.04
		5	50	20 000	2244	1874	−0.083 (0.038)*	−0.05
	5000–6000	1	28	8530	428	559	−0.104 (0.039)**	−0.34
		3	70	24 066	5588	5651	−0.090 (0.037)*	−0.02
		4	26	8565	1479	848	−0.110 (0.045)*	−0.10
		5	44	15 453	2235	1388	−0.149 (0.045)***	−0.09

Significance notation: p values 0, ‘***’; 0.001, ‘**’; 0.01, ‘*’; 0.05, ‘.’; 0.1, ‘1’.

SEs in parentheses.

Time periods are as follows: 1, overnight; 2, AM peak; 3, interpeak; 4, PM peak; 5, night.

BW, bandwidth; n, total number of observations; RDD, regression discontinuity design; Y_after, total number of casualties or fatalities after the cut-off; Y_before, total number of casualties or fatalities before the cut-off; τ_SRD, sharp RDD average treatment effect due to daylight savings time transition.