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. 2022 Apr 25;12(4):e054678. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054678

Table 4.

Autumn transition, disaggregate spatial and temporal models: RDD results summary

Location Band Time period All casualties Fatalities
BW n Ybefore Yafter τSRD % Change BW n Ybefore Yafter τSRD % Change
Aggregate 1 18 16 197 1035 1043 −0.096 (0.019)*** −0.13 38 13 671 104 97 −0.030 (0.012)* −0.40
3 72 75 642 20 645 20 684 −0.101 (0.028)*** −0.01
4 34 37 821 7728 5448 −0.077 (0.024)** −0.01
5 32 37 821 7449 3851 −0.231 (0.030)*** −0.04 60 24 936 285 282 −0.035 (0.016)* −0.17
Northing band 0–1000 1 38 2534 90 53 −0.153 (0.058)** −2.38
5 64 5044 389 297 −0.156 (0.062)* −0.56
1000–2000 1 24 10 015 630 572 −0.158 (0.036)*** −0.35 40 4888 50 19 −0.052 (0.017)** −1.45
4 30 12 048 1993 1837 −0.129 (0.036)*** −0.09
2000–3000 1 32 9695 408 353 −0.112 (0.035)** −0.39
5 48 12 708 1534 891 −0.190 (0.058)** −0.17
3000–4000 1 26 6010 289 265 −0.152 (0.045)*** −0.74
4 40 9576 1475 1540 −0.118 (0.042)** −0.11
5000–6000 2 48 3440 261 309 −0.076 (0.031)* −0.41
7000–8000 5 70 1470 66 69 −0.094 (0.045)* −1.84
8000–9000 1 56 583 34 27 −0.280 (0.097)** −11.53
5 66 793 89 51 −0.362 (0.128)** −5.69
Easting band 1000–2000 1 64 1092 30 20 −0.072 (0.036)* −3.34
2000–3000 3 78 3210 26 37 −0.056 (0.021)** −3.00
4 54 7018 853 678 −0.091 (0.043)* −0.15
3000–4000 1 26 8195 411 352 −0.136 (0.040)*** −0.46
5 44 14 985 2189 1351 −0.222 (0.050)*** −0.14
4000–5000 1 26 9825 498 473 −0.129 (0.032)*** −0.36
5 44 17 874 2840 1663 −0.252 (0.057)*** −0.12
5000–6000 1 22 8525 566 534 −0.187 (0.037)*** −0.46 44 4491 34 12 −0.042 (0.014)** −1.71
4 34 12 033 2397 1532 −0.127 (0.039)** −0.07
5 48 15 408 2853 1807 −0.279 (0.056)*** −0.14
6000–7000 5 42 2394 257 106 −0.191 (0.086)* −1.04

Significance notation: p values 0, ‘***’; 0.001, ‘**’; 0.01, ‘*’; 0.05, ‘.’; 0.1, ‘1’.

SEs in parentheses.

Time periods are as follows: 1, overnight; 2, AM peak; 3, interpeak; 4, PM peak; 5, night.

BW, bandwidth; n, total number of observations; RDD, regression discontinuity design; Yafter, total number of casualties or fatalities after the cut-off; Ybefore, total number of casualties or fatalities before the cut-off; τSRD, sharp RDD average treatment effect due to daylight savings time transition.