Table 4.

Autumn transition, disaggregate spatial and temporal models: RDD results summary

Location	Band	Time period	All casualties						Fatalities
			BW	n	${\mathit{Y}}_{\mathit{b}\mathit{e}\mathit{f}\mathit{o}\mathit{r}\mathit{e}}$	${\mathit{Y}}_{\mathit{a}\mathit{f}\mathit{t}\mathit{e}\mathit{r}}$	${\mathit{\tau }}_{\mathit{S}\mathit{R}\mathit{D}}$	% Change	BW	n	${\mathit{Y}}_{\mathit{b}\mathit{e}\mathit{f}\mathit{o}\mathit{r}\mathit{e}}$	${\mathit{Y}}_{\mathit{a}\mathit{f}\mathit{t}\mathit{e}\mathit{r}}$	${\mathit{\tau }}_{\mathit{S}\mathit{R}\mathit{D}}$	% Change
Aggregate		1	18	16 197	1035	1043	−0.096 (0.019)***	−0.13	38	13 671	104	97	−0.030 (0.012)*	−0.40
		3	72	75 642	20 645	20 684	−0.101 (0.028)***	−0.01
		4	34	37 821	7728	5448	−0.077 (0.024)**	−0.01
		5	32	37 821	7449	3851	−0.231 (0.030)***	−0.04	60	24 936	285	282	−0.035 (0.016)*	−0.17
Northing band	0–1000	1	38	2534	90	53	−0.153 (0.058)**	−2.38
		5	64	5044	389	297	−0.156 (0.062)*	−0.56
	1000–2000	1	24	10 015	630	572	−0.158 (0.036)***	−0.35	40	4888	50	19	−0.052 (0.017)**	−1.45
		4	30	12 048	1993	1837	−0.129 (0.036)***	−0.09
	2000–3000	1	32	9695	408	353	−0.112 (0.035)**	−0.39
		5	48	12 708	1534	891	−0.190 (0.058)**	−0.17
	3000–4000	1	26	6010	289	265	−0.152 (0.045)***	−0.74
		4	40	9576	1475	1540	−0.118 (0.042)**	−0.11
	5000–6000	2	48	3440	261	309	−0.076 (0.031)*	−0.41
	7000–8000	5	70	1470	66	69	−0.094 (0.045)*	−1.84
	8000–9000	1	56	583	34	27	−0.280 (0.097)**	−11.53
		5	66	793	89	51	−0.362 (0.128)**	−5.69
Easting band	1000–2000	1	64	1092	30	20	−0.072 (0.036)*	−3.34
	2000–3000	3							78	3210	26	37	−0.056 (0.021)**	−3.00
		4	54	7018	853	678	−0.091 (0.043)*	−0.15
	3000–4000	1	26	8195	411	352	−0.136 (0.040)***	−0.46
		5	44	14 985	2189	1351	−0.222 (0.050)***	−0.14
	4000–5000	1	26	9825	498	473	−0.129 (0.032)***	−0.36
		5	44	17 874	2840	1663	−0.252 (0.057)***	−0.12
	5000–6000	1	22	8525	566	534	−0.187 (0.037)***	−0.46	44	4491	34	12	−0.042 (0.014)**	−1.71
		4	34	12 033	2397	1532	−0.127 (0.039)**	−0.07
		5	48	15 408	2853	1807	−0.279 (0.056)***	−0.14
	6000–7000	5	42	2394	257	106	−0.191 (0.086)*	−1.04

Significance notation: p values 0, ‘***’; 0.001, ‘**’; 0.01, ‘*’; 0.05, ‘.’; 0.1, ‘1’.

SEs in parentheses.

Time periods are as follows: 1, overnight; 2, AM peak; 3, interpeak; 4, PM peak; 5, night.

BW, bandwidth; n, total number of observations; RDD, regression discontinuity design; Y_after, total number of casualties or fatalities after the cut-off; Y_before, total number of casualties or fatalities before the cut-off; τ_SRD, sharp RDD average treatment effect due to daylight savings time transition.