Table 2.

Predictive models developed by using different risk factors. Description of the validation studies of two proposed risk scores for chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) in different surgical patient populations. Discriminative value is given by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC-AUC) according to the original publications, and, if applicable, sensitivity and specificity of the risk scores. For a detailed version of this table, including the development studies and additional risk scores, see Supplementary Table S1. SF-12: Short Form Health Survey-12.

Study	Type of Surgery	Study type/n	Predictive values/risk factors	Characteristics, quality, comments
Meretoja and colleagues 201720	Breast cancer surgery	Multicentre, n=231+453	Four items -Preoperative pain in the operative area (p=0.001) -High BMI (p=0.039) -Axillary lymph node dissection (p=0.008) -More severe acute postoperative pain intensity at the 7th postoperative day (p=0.003)	Performed well in the Danish (ROC-AUC=0.739) and Scottish (ROC-AUC=0.740) cohorts Online tool for risk score, easily applicable Includes postoperative pain, hence preoperative screening is not possible
Montes and colleagues 202022	Four surgical procedures (inguinal hernia repair, hysterectomy (vaginal or abdominal), thoracotomy)	Multicentre, n=1088 (validation)22	Six items -Surgical procedure -Age -Physical health (SF-12) -Mental health (SF-12) -Preoperative pain in the surgical field -Preoperative pain in another area	Sensitivity of 58.9%, specificity of 68.4%; positive predictive value 32.6%; negative predictive value 86.5%; ROC-AUC=0.694 Only preoperative factors are involved, hence preoperative screening is possible.