Table 1.

Measurement landmarks and definition

Landmarks	Definition
N	Anterior point of frontonasal suture
S	Midpoint of fossa hypophysialis
Ba	Midpoint on anterior margin of foramen occipitale magnum
OrL/OrR, Or	Inferior anterior point on left/right orbit margin and their midpoint
PoL/PoR, Po	Superior point of left/right external acoustic meatus and their midpoint
A	Most posterior point on carve between anterior nasal spine and prosthion
B	Most posterior point on carve between infra dentale and pogonion
GoL/GoR	Most posterior inferior point of left/right ramus
A1	Most anterior point in the midline on alveolar process between upper central incisors
A6L/A6R	Alveolar process below medial buccal cusp of left/right first molar
CoT /CoL/CoM/CoA/CoP	Top/lateral/medial/anterior/posterior point of condyle
CP	Most superior point of coronoid process