. 2022 Apr 12;9:840648. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.840648

TABLE 1.

Effect of astaxanthin (ATX) supplementation on body weight, energy intake, and food efficiency ratio in high-fat diet-induced mice^a.

Group	ND	HFD	Solvent	HFD+0.25% ATX	HFD+0.5% ATX	HFD+0.75% ATX
Initial body weight (g/mice)	20.35 ± 0.14^a	21.35 ± 0.35^a	21.09 ± 0.50^a	21.11 ± 0.37^a	20.32 ± 1.26^a	20.08 ± 0.71^a
Final body weight (g/mice)	26.97 ± 0.87^a	36.83 ± 0.47^d	36.38 ± 0.75^d	34.79 ± 0.96^dc	33.76 ± 0.34^c	29.39 ± 0.88^b
Weight gain (g/mice)	6.62 ± 0.34^a	15.48 ± 0.22^d	15.29 ± 0.46^d	13.32 ± 0.33^c	13.44 ± 0.12^c	9.60 ± 0.28^b
Energy intake (kcal/mice/day)	9.66 ± 0.14^a	12.46 ± 0.19^b	10.63 ± 0.85^a	9.90 ± 0.21^a	9.69 ± 0.12^a	9.47 ± 0.08^a
Food efficiency ratio (%)^b	0.47 ± 0.15^a	1.05 ± 0.28^b	1.36 ± 0.41^b	1.06 ± 0.29^b	1.06 ± 0.30^b	0.96 ± 0.21^b

^aThe body weight, energy intake and food efficiency ratio of mice in each group were tested based on one-way ANOVA and the results are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 6). ^bFood efficiency ratio (%) = (weekly weight gain / weekly food intake) × 100. The values with different labels (a–d) in rows refer to significant difference (P < 0.05).