Table 2.

Baseline Clinical characteristics of the included studies.

First Author	Total Population (n)	Participant description and Mean age (SD)	Type and prevalence of LTAs	In-hospital mortality	Long-term mortality	Follow-up for long-term mortality
Auzel O et al, 2016	90	-Patients with a clinical presentation of ACS who underwent coronary arteriography at the coronary care unit -Female: 97% -72 years (13) -46% Hypertension -29% Dyslipidemia	Ventricular arrhythmias: non-sustained and sustained VT and VF. n = 9 (10%)	-LTA group = 0/9 -Non-LTA group = 2/81	–	–
Dib C et al, 2008	105	-Patients with a diagnosis of TC who underwent coronary arteriography and left ventriculography in the Mayo Clinic Cardiac Catheterization database -Female: 100% -69 years (8.9)	Significant arrhythmia: VF and asystole. n = 6 (5.7%)	-LTA group = 1/6 -Non-LTA group = 0/99	-LTA group = 1/6 -Non-LTA group = 0/99	–
El-Battrawy I et al, 2020	906	-Patients with a diagnosis of TC who were enrolled in GErman Italian STress cardiomyopathy (GEIST) registry -Female: 89.4% -70 ± 11 years −70.1% Diabetes −70.1% Hypertension	VT, VF, torsade de pointes (TdP), and asystole or complete atrioventricular block) n = 67 (7.4%)	-LTA group = 7/67 -No LTA group = 32/839	-LTA group = 50/67 -No LTA group = 530/839	3 years
Jesel L et al, 2018	214	-Patients with a diagnosis of TC in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory database of Strasbourg University Hospital -Female: 81.3% -69 years (12.6) -Hypertension (56.5%) -Dyslipidemia (39.8%)	LTAs were defined as VT, VF, or sudden cardiac arrest. n = 23 (10.7%)	- LTA group = 9/23 -No LTA group = 17/191	-LTA group = 11/23 -No LTA group = 27/191	1 year
Madias C et al, 2011	93	-Patients with the diagnosis of TC in the database of 2 institutions in Massachusetts -Female: 86% -67 years -Hypertension 53% - Hypercholesterolemia 33%	Malignant ventricular arrhythmias: VF and torsades de pointes (TdP). n = 8 (8.6%)	- LTA group = 0/8 - No LTA group = 4/85	- No LTA group = 77% - LTA group = 85%	2 years
Malanchini G et al, 2020	10,861	-Patients with a diagnosis of TC in the Italian National Healthcare System Databank -Female: 91.7% -70.7 years (11.9) -Hypertension 23.2% -Hypercholesterolemia 12%	VF and VT. VF n = 43 (31.1%) VT n = 90 (66.6%)	241/10,861 (2,2%)	–	–
Song BG et al, 2010	87	-Patients with a diagnosis of TLVBS at a tertiary-care center in Korea. -Female: 74% -Nonsurvivors: 72 years -Survivors: 61 years -Hypertension (45%) -Hypercholesterolemia (25%)	Third-degree atrioventricular block, VF, VT, and cardiac arrest. Survivors n = 4 (6%)	8/87 (9%)	20/87 (23%)	42 months
Sharkey SW et al, 2010	136	-Patients who presented with SC to the emergency and hospital facilities of the Minneapolis Heart Institute and Abbott Northwestern Hospital (Minneapolis, Minnesota) -Female: 96% -68 years (13)	–	2%	–	–
Brinjikji W et al, 2012	24,701	-Patients with a diagnosis of TC in the National Inpatient Database Samples. -Female: 89% -66.8 years (30.7) -Hypertension (58.4%) -Hyperlipidemia (37.5%)	–	4.2%	–	–
Regnante RR et al, 2009	70	-Patients who underwent emergent cardiac catheterizations with findings consistent with TC at 2 major hospitals in Rhode Island -Female: 95% -67 years (11) -Hypertension (66%) -Hyperlipidemia (49%)	Sustained ventricular arrhythmias: VF or VT n = 3 (4%)	-LTA group = 1/3 -No LTA group = 0/67	-LTA group = 1/3 -No LTA group = 2/67	–
Bento D et al, 2019	234	-Patients with a diagnosis of TC in 12 Portuguese hospitals -Female: 89.7% -68 years (12) -Hypertension (67.9%) -Dyslipidemia (54.3%)	VF, VT, and complete atrioventricular block n = 11 (4.7%)	2.2%	4.4%	33 ± 33 months
Tsuchihashi K et al, 2001	88	-Patients with transient LV apical wall motion abnormalities without stenosis on CAG enrolled from cardiovascular institutes of Angina Pectoris Myocardial Infarction investigations in Japan -Female: 76% -67 years (13) -Hypertension (48%) -Hyperlipidemia (24%)	Atrioventricular block, VT and VF n = 12	1%	2%	13 ± 14 months
Pant S et al 2013	16,450	-Patients with a diagnosis of TC in the National Inpatient Samples Database -Female (89.6%)	VT, VF, ventricular flutter, and SCA n = 1003	-LTA group = 7% -No LTA group = 3.7%	–	–
Murakami T et al 2013	107	-Patients with a diagnosis of TC from the Tokyo CCU Network database compromising 67 cardiovascular centers -Female (76.6%) -73.9 years (11.1)	Sustained VT, VF, and advanced atrioventricular block n = 5	8.4%	–	–
Migliore F et al, 2012	61	-Female (96.7%) -67 years (8)	n = 5	–	–	57 ± 23 months
Templin C et al, 2015	1750	-Female (89.8%) -66.4 years (13.1)	VT n = 53	4.1%	5.6% per patient-year	10 years
Citro R et al, 2012	190	-Patients with a diagnosis of TC enrolled in the Tako-tsubo Italian Network registry at 11 Italian referral cardiac centers -Female (92.1%) -66 years -Hypertension (48.4%) -Hypercholesterolemia (34.2%)	VT and VF n = 8	2.8%	–	–
Sharkey SW et al, 2015	249	-Patients presented with a first TC event to the Minneapolis Heart Institute at the Abbott Northwestern Hospital (Minneapolis, Minnesota) -Female (96%) -Diabetes (13.3%) -Hypertension (54.2%)	VF, pulseless electrical activity, and asystole n = 9	1.2%	8%	4.7 years

ABS: Apical ballooning syndrome, ACS: acute coronary syndrome, CAG: coronary angiogram, CMR: cardiovascular magnetic resonance, ECG: electrocardiogram, LTAs: life-threatening arrhythmias, LV: left ventricle, SC: stress cardiomyopathy, SCM: stress cardiomyopathy, SD: standard deviation, TLVBS: transient left ventricular ballooning syndrome, TC: takotsubo cardiomyopathy, VA: ventricular arrhythmias, VF: ventricular fibrillation, VT: ventricular tachycardia.