Fig. 4.

Age period cohort related female breast cancer trends in (A) incidence rate (B) death rate and (C) DALYs from 1990 to 2017 with ages 20 to 80. Rate ratio was estimated using ML of APC-model Poisson with log(Y) based on natural-spline function, for each SDI region separately. DALYs, disability adjusted life years; ML, maximum likelihood; APC, age-period-cohort; Reference cohort for age-effects was chosen as the median date of birth among cases; Median date of diagnosis among cases was selected as reference period.