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. 2022 Apr 12;13:866034. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.866034

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic diagram of the cold-responsive molecular networks in Arabidopsis (A) and maize (B). The eight green dashed arrows that point to (A) from (B) indicate that the maize genes were functionally verified in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. The orange dashed arrows in (B) indicate that the maize genes were functionally studied in tobacco. The blue dashed arrow in (B) indicates that the Arabidopsis gene AtICE1 was transformed into forage maize. The colored ellipses represent molecular elements that belong to the ICE-CBF-COR pathway. Small dots represent osmotic substances. Brackets encompass genes with the same induction level. Straight and dashed arrows represent positive regulation, whereas lines ending with a bar represent negative regulation. At, Arabidopsis thaliana L.; Zm, Zea mays L.; Zmm, Zea mays ssp. mexicana L.; Nt: Nicotiana tabacum L.; CAMTA, Calmodulin-binding transcription activator; ZAT, Zinc-finger transcription factor; HSFC, Heat shock transcription factor C; JAZ, Jasmonate ZIM-domain; DREB, Dehydration responsive element binding factor; LTI, Low temperature induced; KIN, Cold inducible; MPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase; SEC14P, Sec14-like protein; RR, Response regulator; DBP, Dehydration responsive element binding protein; CesA, Cellulose synthase; MKK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; ERD, Early response to dehydration; JA, Jasmonic acid; ABA, abscisic acid; SA, Salicylic acid; BL, Brassinolide.