Table 1.
Study characteristics.
| Study | Country | Participants, n | Age (years), mean; range | Gender, male (%) | Intervention arm or arms | Control arm or arms |
| Calear et al [42] | Australia | 1477 | 14.34; 12-17 | 44 | MoodGYM | Waitlist |
| Fleming et al [43] | New Zealand | 32 | 14.9; 13-16 | 56 | SPARXa | Waitlist |
| Ip et al [44] | China | 257 | 14.63; 13-17 | 32 | Grasp the Opportunity (culturally modified from CATCH-ITb) | Attention control (antismoking website without mental health prevention components) |
| Merry et al [45] | New Zealand | 187 | 15.6; 12-19 | 34 | SPARX | Treatment as usual (face-to-face therapy) |
| Poppelaars et al [46] | Netherlands | 208 | 13.35; 11-16 | 0 | SPARX | School-based CBTc; monitoring controld |
| Sekizaki et al [47] | Japan | 80 | 15.75; 15 | 100 | Group iCBTe program | No intervention |
| Smith et al [48] | United Kingdom | 112 | Not reported; 12-16 | Not reported | Stressbusters | Waitlist |
| Spence et al [39] | Australia | 115 | 13.98; 12-18 | 41 | BRAVE-Online | Clinic-based CBT; waitlist |
| Sportel et al [49] | Netherlands | 240 | 14.21; 12-15 | 28 | Online Cognitive Bias Modification | Face-to-face CBT; no intervention |
| Stallard et al [50] | United Kingdom | 20 | Not reported; 11-17 | 67 | Think, Feel, Do | Waitlist |
| Stasiak et al [51] | New Zealand | 34 | 15.2; 13-18 | 59 | The Journey | Attention control (computerized psychoeducation) |
| Stjerneklar et al [40] | Denmark | 70 | Not reported; 13-17 | 79 | ChilledOut Online | Waitlist |
| Topooco et al [52] | Sweden | 70 | 17.04; 15-19 | Not reported | Blended approach with weekly therapist chats | Attention control (restricted access to platform and therapist chat but not the CBT component) |
| Wong et al [53] | Australia | 976 | Not reported; 14-16 | 30 | ThisWayUp Schools (modules: “Overcoming Anxiety” or “Combating Depression”) | Usual health classes |
| Wright et al [54] | United Kingdom | 91 | 15.34; 12-18 | 34 | Stressbusters | Attention control (self-help website) |
| Wuthrich et al [41] | Australia | 43 | 15.7; 14-17 | 37 | Cool Teens CD-ROM | Waitlist |
aSPARX: Smart, Positive, Active, Realistic, X-factor thoughts.
bCATCH-IT: Competent Adulthood Transition with Cognitive Behavioral Humanistic and Interpersonal Training.
cCBT: cognitive behavioral therapy.
dA fourth arm consisted of both SPARX and school-based CBT but was not analyzed as part of this review, as for our purposes it was a combined treatment and control group.
eiCBT: internet-based CBT.