Table 1.
Independent Variables |
Responses |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Assays |
DES concentration |
Temperature |
Flow rate |
MAP |
PC |
AR |
ABTS |
FRAP |
(%) | (°C) | (mL/min) | (mgC3GE/100 g dw) | (%) | (%) | (μmolTE/g dw) | (μmolTE/g dw) | |
1 | 15 (-1) | 60 (-1) | 3 (-1) | 99.17d ± 3.01 | 17.24j ± 1.29 | 39.74d ± 1.21 | 145.67l ± 0.14 | 403.80gh ± 32.96 |
2 | 15 (-1) | 120 (1) | 5 (1) | 26.43f ± 4.30 | 49.09c ± 1.28 | 10.59f ± 1.72 | 265.29d ± 0.28 | 333.84i ± 8.61 |
3 | 45 (1) | 60 (-1) | 5 (1) | 213.05a ± 14.37 | 31.70e ± 0.87 | 85.38a ± 5.76 | 277.06b ± 0.12 | 571.14bc ± 34.98 |
4 | 45 (1) | 120 (1) | 3 (-1) | 81.41e ± 4.77 | 33.28e ± 3.19 | 32.63e ± 1.91 | 159.01k ± 0.32 | 443.17f ± 53.46 |
5 | 30 (0) | 90 (0) | 4 (0) | 152.25c ± 8.83 | 26.65gh ± 1.99 | 61.02c ± 3.54 | 203.98i ± 0.17 | 532.46d ± 34.18 |
6 | 15 (-1) | 60 (-1) | 5 (1) | 181.72b ± 2.27 | 25.86h ± 2.11 | 72.82b ± 0.91 | 267.22c ± 0.11 | 534.53d ± 58.88 |
7 | 15 (-1) | 120 (1) | 3 (-1) | 10.65g ± 1.41 | 29.20f ± 1.00 | 4.27g ± 0.56 | 86.94n ± 0.09 | 243.69j ± 19.18 |
8 | 45 (1) | 60 (-1) | 3 (-1) | 149.19c ± 3.38 | 25.90h ± 1.61 | 59.79c ± 1.36 | 204.01i ± 0.15 | 395.60gh ± 1.29 |
9 | 45 (1) | 120 (1) | 5 (1) | 97.09d ± 2.87 | 55.74b ± 0.75 | 38.91d ± 1.15 | 277.08b ± 0.07 | 668.20a ± 1.32 |
10 | 30 (0) | 90 (0) | 4 (0) | 174.30b ± 9.30 | 26.77gh ± 1.07 | 69.85b ± 3.73 | 204.48h ± 0.13 | 541.16cd ± 19.07 |
11 | 5 (-1.67) | 90 (0) | 4 (0) | 148.24c ± 3.09 | 21.38i ± 0.36 | 59.41c ± 1.24 | 209.03f ± 0.11 | 373.17h ± 3.97 |
12 | 55 (+1,67) | 90 (0) | 4 (0) | 184.62b ± 17.03 | 28.76fg ± 1.39 | 73.99b ± 6.83 | 207.86g ± 0.36 | 480.51e ± 3.32 |
13 | 30 (0) | 40 (-1.67) | 4 (0) | 147.97c ± 1.43 | 18.93j ± 1.25 | 59.30c ± 0.57 | 204.51h ± 0.15 | 402.31gh ± 27.82 |
14 | 30 (0) | 140 (+1.67) | 4 (0) | 0.80g ± 0.01 | 58.36a ± 1.35 | 0.32g ± 0.01 | 203.02j ± 0.10 | 325.68i ± 37.63 |
15 | 30 (0) | 90 (0) | 2.30 (-1.67) | 96.97d ± 13.37 | 14.50k ± 0.64 | 38.86d ± 5.36 | 111.57m ± 0.08 | 424.87fg ± 17.54 |
16 | 30 (0) | 90 (0) | 5.70 (+1.67) | 152.10c ± 27.90 | 39.12d ± 2.02 | 60.95c ± 11.18 | 306.25a ± 0.69 | 596.95b ± 48.36 |
17 | 30 (0) | 90 (0) | 4 (0) | 175.86b ± 16.65 | 28.16fg ± 0.95 | 70.48b ± 6.67 | 213.17e ± 0.23 | 576.35b ± 9.60 |
Note: PLE – pressurized liquid extraction, DES – deep eutectic solvent, ChCl:Pro-DES composed by choline chloride and propylene glycol, MAP - Monomeric anthocyanin pigment, PC - polymeric color, AR – anthocyanin recovered, C3GE – cyanidin 3-O-glucoside equivalent, TE – Trolox equivalent, dw = dry weight, abc – different letters in the same column indicate significant difference among the assays by Fisher test (p < 0.05).