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. 2022 Feb 1;13:100236. doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100236

Table 1.

Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) for the independent variables considered for the PLE extraction with aqueous solutions of DES (ChCl:Pro) from JP samples at the pressure of 10 MPa, and the results obtained for the extraction assays in terms of yield and extract quality.

Independent Variables
Responses
Assays
DES concentration
Temperature
Flow rate
MAP
PC
AR
ABTS
FRAP
(%) (°C) (mL/min) (mgC3GE/100 g dw) (%) (%) (μmolTE/g dw) (μmolTE/g dw)
1 15 (-1) 60 (-1) 3 (-1) 99.17d ± 3.01 17.24j ± 1.29 39.74d ± 1.21 145.67l ± 0.14 403.80gh ± 32.96
2 15 (-1) 120 (1) 5 (1) 26.43f ± 4.30 49.09c ± 1.28 10.59f ± 1.72 265.29d ± 0.28 333.84i ± 8.61
3 45 (1) 60 (-1) 5 (1) 213.05a ± 14.37 31.70e ± 0.87 85.38a ± 5.76 277.06b ± 0.12 571.14bc ± 34.98
4 45 (1) 120 (1) 3 (-1) 81.41e ± 4.77 33.28e ± 3.19 32.63e ± 1.91 159.01k ± 0.32 443.17f ± 53.46
5 30 (0) 90 (0) 4 (0) 152.25c ± 8.83 26.65gh ± 1.99 61.02c ± 3.54 203.98i ± 0.17 532.46d ± 34.18
6 15 (-1) 60 (-1) 5 (1) 181.72b ± 2.27 25.86h ± 2.11 72.82b ± 0.91 267.22c ± 0.11 534.53d ± 58.88
7 15 (-1) 120 (1) 3 (-1) 10.65g ± 1.41 29.20f ± 1.00 4.27g ± 0.56 86.94n ± 0.09 243.69j ± 19.18
8 45 (1) 60 (-1) 3 (-1) 149.19c ± 3.38 25.90h ± 1.61 59.79c ± 1.36 204.01i ± 0.15 395.60gh ± 1.29
9 45 (1) 120 (1) 5 (1) 97.09d ± 2.87 55.74b ± 0.75 38.91d ± 1.15 277.08b ± 0.07 668.20a ± 1.32
10 30 (0) 90 (0) 4 (0) 174.30b ± 9.30 26.77gh ± 1.07 69.85b ± 3.73 204.48h ± 0.13 541.16cd ± 19.07
11 5 (-1.67) 90 (0) 4 (0) 148.24c ± 3.09 21.38i ± 0.36 59.41c ± 1.24 209.03f ± 0.11 373.17h ± 3.97
12 55 (+1,67) 90 (0) 4 (0) 184.62b ± 17.03 28.76fg ± 1.39 73.99b ± 6.83 207.86g ± 0.36 480.51e ± 3.32
13 30 (0) 40 (-1.67) 4 (0) 147.97c ± 1.43 18.93j ± 1.25 59.30c ± 0.57 204.51h ± 0.15 402.31gh ± 27.82
14 30 (0) 140 (+1.67) 4 (0) 0.80g ± 0.01 58.36a ± 1.35 0.32g ± 0.01 203.02j ± 0.10 325.68i ± 37.63
15 30 (0) 90 (0) 2.30 (-1.67) 96.97d ± 13.37 14.50k ± 0.64 38.86d ± 5.36 111.57m ± 0.08 424.87fg ± 17.54
16 30 (0) 90 (0) 5.70 (+1.67) 152.10c ± 27.90 39.12d ± 2.02 60.95c ± 11.18 306.25a ± 0.69 596.95b ± 48.36
17 30 (0) 90 (0) 4 (0) 175.86b ± 16.65 28.16fg ± 0.95 70.48b ± 6.67 213.17e ± 0.23 576.35b ± 9.60

Note: PLE – pressurized liquid extraction, DES – deep eutectic solvent, ChCl:Pro-DES composed by choline chloride and propylene glycol, MAP - Monomeric anthocyanin pigment, PC - polymeric color, AR – anthocyanin recovered, C3GE – cyanidin 3-O-glucoside equivalent, TE – Trolox equivalent, dw = dry weight, abc – different letters in the same column indicate significant difference among the assays by Fisher test (p < 0.05).