Table 2.
Characterization of the extracts obtained by PLE using different solvents: water, acidified water or deep eutectic solvents (ChCl:Pro or ChCl:Ma).
| Analysis |
Solvents |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water (pH 6.7) |
Acidified water (pH 1.5) |
ChCl:Pro (pH 4.5) |
ChCl:Ma (pH 1.5) |
|
| TPC (mg GAE/g dw) | 74.47b ± 7.15 | 72.97b ± 7.74 | 85.68a ± 8.29 | 78.99ab ± 2.59 |
| Anthocyanin content | ||||
| MAP (mgC3GE/g dw) | 1.10c ± 0.03 | 1.16c ± 0.01 | 1.7a ± 0.06 | 1.60b ± 0.09 |
| PC (%) | 13.75b ± 0.02 | 12.00c ± 0.25 | 15.29a ± 0.10 | 11.56d ± 0.27 |
| AR (%) | 44.06c ± 0.97 | 46.50c ± 0.41 | 69.08a ± 2.62 | 62.90b ± 3.85 |
| Individual anthocyanin (HPLC) | ||||
| Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (mg/g dw) | 9.51d ± 0.09 | 13.89c ± 2.44 | 29.40a ± 8.94 | 25.78b ± 2.09 |
| Antioxidant Activity | ||||
| ABTS (μmol TE/g dw) | 219.72b ± 2.87 | 169.05c ± 1.71 | 286.47a ± 3.06 | 288.16a ± 4.88 |
| FRAP (μmol TE/g dw) | 695.56a ± 22.62 | 517.12b ± 13.18 | 685.99a ± 59.65 | 727.98a ± 42.82 |
| Color | ||||
| L* | 78.33b ± 0.09 | 86.17a ± 0.08 | 59.67d ± 0.86 | 64.49c ± 0.07 |
| a* | 13.04c ± 0.14 | 9.12d ± 0.25 | 17.49b ± 0.35 | 32.49a ± 0.02 |
| b* | 10.63c ± 0.14 | 6.29d ± 0.07 | 19.88a ± 0.19 | 17.22b ± 0.01 |
| C* | 16.82c ± 0.20 | 11.08d ± 0.25 | 26.48b ± 0.37 | 36.77a ± 0.01 |
| °h | 39.20b ± 0.06 | 34.60c ± 0.46 | 48.65a ± 0.30 | 27.93d ± 0.03 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
Note: PLE – pressurized liquid extraction, ChCl - chlorine chloride, Pro-propylene glycol, Ma - malic acid, TPC - total phenolic content, GAE - gallic acid equivalent, dw – dry waste, MAP - monomeric anthocyanin pigment content, C3GE – cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent, PC – polymeric color, AR – anthocyanin recovery, TE - Trolox equivalent, abc – different letters in the same line indicate significative difference among the assays by Fisher test (p < 0.05).