Table 5.
Inhibitory activity of digestive enzymes of crude and semi-purified anthocyanin-rich extracts obtained by PLE using water, acidified water, or DES (ChCl:Pro or ChCl:Ma) as the solvent.
| Inhibitory activity of digestive enzymes | Crude extracts | Semi-purified extracts | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walter | Acidified water | ChCl: Pro | ChCl:Ma | Water | Acidified water | ChCl:Pro | ChCl:Ma | |
| α -Amylase (IC50 - mg/mL) | – | – | – | – | 7.13a ± 0.09 | 7.44a ± 0.18 | 6.36b ± 0.88 | 1.62c ± 0.39 |
| α -Glucosidase (IC50 - μg/mL) | – | – | – | – | 7.07a ± 0.69 | 6.78a ± 0.09 | 5.34b ± 0.085 | 4.12c ± 0.18 |
| Lipase (IC50 - μg/mL) | – | – | – | – | 614.29a ± 14.78 | 499.04b ± 43.80 | 171.88c ± 7.20 | 173.81c ± 23.41 |
| α -Amylase (IC50 - μg C3GE/mL) | 9.42de ± 0.08 | 11.92d ± 0.03 | 8.41de ± 0.25 | 2.51e ± 0.32 | 86.31b ± 1.11 | 92.06b ± 2.21 | 113.93a ± 15.44 | 23.7c ± 5.68 |
| α -Glucosidase (IC50 - μg C3GE/mL) | 0.04b ± 0.01 | 0.08d ± 0.01 | 0.02e ± 0.01 | 0.01f ± 0.01 | 0.08b ± 0.01 | 0.08b ± 0.01 | 0.10a ± 0.01 | 0.06c ± 0.01 |
| Lipase (IC50 - μg C3GE/mL) | 2.73c ± 0.23 | 0.85e ± 0.15 | 0.36f ± 0.01 | 0.12f ± 0.01 | 11.16a ± 0.27 | 6.17b ± 0.54 | 2.08d ± 0.08 | 2.54c ± 0.34 |
Note: PLE – pressurized liquid extraction, DES – deep eutectic solvent, IC50 - mean inhibitory concentration, mgC3G/g - milligrams of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, ChCl: choline chlorine, Pro: propylene glycol, Ma: malic acid, abc: different letters in the same line indicate significant differences, p < 0.05.