Fig. 1.

A) Rats body mass gain (Δ) during the supplementation period of seven days; B) Average daily energy intake during the supplementation; C) Relative kidney tissue mass corrected by body weight mass. * represents a reduction in the relative kidney mass from the HFD-O compared to C—O group. Different letters depicted on the bars represent significant differences in the post-hoc test considering the interaction between the diet and supplementation, i.e. statistically different values by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-hoc (p < 0.05; n = 8 – 7 per group). Groups: C—O – fed with standard chow and gavage with sunflower oil, C-VOS – fed with standard chow and supplemented by gavage with carotenoids extracted with VOS; C-IL – fed with standard chow and supplemented by gavage with carotenoids extracted with IL; HFD-O – fed with obesogenic chow and gavage with sunflower oil; HFD-VOS: fed with obesogenic chow and supplemented with carotenoids extracted with VOS; HFD-IL: fed with obesogenic chow and supplemented with carotenoids extracted with IL.