Table 3.
List of aroma volatiles detected in ‘Redland’ papaya coated with different coatings and which have demonstrated odor-activity contributing to recognition of overall aroma papaya.
Compoundb | Odour | Base line | Control | Nano 18% | Nano 9% | Nano 9% + HPMC | Micro 9% | HPMC 1% | Micro + HPMC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
acetaldehydec | winey | 0.41 ± 0.12 a | 0.71 ± 0.15 a | 1.07 ± 0.53 a | 0.9 ± 0.23 a | 2.24 ± 1.62 a | 0.41 ± 0.09 a | 1.07 ± 0.18 a | 1.31 ± 0.08 a |
1-penten-3-onec | fruity | 0.51 ± 0.05 a | 0.76 ± 0.38 a | 0.77 ± 0.31 a | 0.36 ± 0.07 a | 0.31 ± 0.08 a | 0.31 ± 0.13 a | 0.71 ± 0.03 a | 0.65 ± 0.01 a |
methyl butanoatec | intense fruity | 0.08 ± 0.01b | 0.66 ± 0.17 ab | 0.41 ± 0.08b | 0.29 ± 0.12b | 0.25 ± 0.06b | 1.10 ± 0.39 a | 1.18 ± 0.29 a | 0.08 ± 0.03b |
2-methyl-1 butanolc | winey | 0.17 ± 0.01b | 0.00b | 0.24 ± 0.12b | 0.00b | 0.74 ± 0.26 a | 0.00b | 0.00b | 0.00b |
butanoic Acid d | stinky | 0.00c | 63.24 ± 20.33 bc | 48.10 ± 9.05 bc | 48.18 ± 38.82 bc | 68.42 ± 58.71 bc | 184.64 ± 70.2 a | 122.09 ± 33.24 ab | 7.68 ± 0.33 bc |
ethyl butanoatec | intense fruity | 0.26 ± 0.01b | 1.71 ± 0.98b | 0.86 ± 0.35b | 0.00b | 18.45 ± 10.40a | 0.00b | 0.31 ± 0.01b | 0.00b |
hexanal c, d | herbaceous | 30.25 ± 10.69 a | 2.11 ± 1.00b | 12.88 ± 8.64 ab | 3.12 ± 1.35b | 8.89 ± 7.37b | 1.92 ± 0.94b | 1.42 ± 0.35b | 3.31 ± 0.01b |
γ-octalactone d | flowery | 0.41 ± 0.01 a | 0.37 ± 0.11 a | 0.37 ± 0.08 a | 0.33 ± 0.06 a | 0.31 ± 0.05 a | 0.29 ± 0.07 a | 0.35 ± 0.04 a | 0.29 ± 0.00a |
limonenec | citrus | 1.14 ± 0.40 a | 0.51 ± 0.16 ab | 0.41 ± 0.02b | 0.23 ± 0.05b | 0.46 ± 0.20b | 0.15 ± 0.04b | 0.00b | 0.00b |
cis-linalool oxide (furanoid) c | woody | 0.67 ± 0.01 a | 0.00b | 0.00b | 0.38 ± 0.31 a | 0.00b | 0.46 ± 0.01 a | 0.00b | 0.00b |
nonanal d | herbaceous | 9.57 ± 2.06 a | 0.00c | 5.90 ± 0.01b | 0.00c | 3.98 ± 0.01b | 0.89 ± 0.01c | 0.00c | 0.00c |
benzyl isothiocyanate c, d | papayac, smokeyd | 288.80 ± 26.10 ab | 93.84 ± 33.09de | 230.44 ± 71.93bc | 69.87 ± 10.44e | 100.31 ± 11.39de | 83.37 ± 18.25e | 375.06 ± 0.01a | 187.07 ± 0.09cd |
a RI – Retention index on DB-5 column.
Values expressed by GC–MS area response × 106 - average of 4 fruits per treatment. Identification by matching RI and/ or mass spectra from libraries NiST129 by equal ≥ 90. Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences by Duncan test (p < 0.05) applied after ANOVA. Odor-active compound identified by SPME GC-O for Pino (2014)c; Ulrich & Wijaya (2010)d