Table 3.
Risk of Hospitalized HFpEF and HFrEF Among Invasive Breast Cancer Survivors
| Age Adjusted |
Multivariable Adjusteda |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HFpEF |
HFrEF |
HFpEF |
HFrEF |
|||||||
| n | HR | 95% CI | n | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |
| Age at breast cancer diagnosis, 5-y intervals | 70 | 1.56 | (1.33-1.83) | 42 | 1.14 | (0.93-1.39) | 1.55 | (1.31-1.82) | 1.10 | (0.90-1.35) |
| Alcohol intake | ||||||||||
| Nondrinker/past drinker | 25 | 1.00 | Reference | 17 | 1.00 | Reference | ||||
| <7 drinks per week | 36 | 0.75 | (0.45-1.25) | 18 | 0.56 | (0.29-1.09) | ||||
| 7+ drinks per week | 8 | 0.85 | (0.38-1.88) | 7 | 1.13 | (0.47-2.72) | ||||
| Ever smoked | ||||||||||
| No | 28 | 1.00 | Reference | 18 | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Yes | 42 | 1.74 | (1.08-2.81) | 24 | 1.50 | (0.81-2.76) | 1.72 | (1.06-2.77) | 1.52 | (0.82-2.81) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | ||||||||||
| <25 | 10 | 1.00 | Reference | 5 | 1.00 | Reference | ||||
| 25-<30 | 17 | 0.92 | (0.42-2.01) | 11 | 1.16 | (0.40-3.35) | ||||
| ≥30 | 43 | 1.89 | (0.95-3.77) | 26 | 2.10 | (0.80-5.48) | ||||
| Waist circumference ≥88 cm | ||||||||||
| No | 18 | 1.00 | Reference | 15 | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Yes | 52 | 2.26 | (1.32-3.87) | 27 | 1.38 | (0.73-2.60) | 1.93 | (1.12-3.34) | 1.13 | (0.59-2.17) |
| Waist-to-hip ratio >0.85 | ||||||||||
| No | 35 | 1.00 | Reference | 25 | 1.00 | Reference | ||||
| Yes | 35 | 1.67 | (1.05-2.68) | 17 | 1.17 | (0.63-2.17) | ||||
| Leisure time physical activity, MET h/wk | ||||||||||
| <9.0 | 46 | 1.00 | Reference | 25 | 1.00 | Reference | ||||
| ≥9.0 | 22 | 0.68 | (0.41-1.13) | 16 | 0.90 | (0.48-1.68) | ||||
| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use | ||||||||||
| No | 25 | 1.00 | Reference | 22 | 1.00 | Reference | ||||
| Yes | 45 | 1.34 | (0.81-2.19) | 20 | 0.78 | (0.42-1.44) | ||||
| History of hypertensionb | ||||||||||
| No | 10 | 1.00 | Reference | 6 | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Yes | 60 | 1.90 | (0.97-3.74) | 36 | 2.25 | (0.94-5.37) | 1.62 | (0.82-3.21) | 2.12 | (0.87-5.15) |
| History of treated diabetes | ||||||||||
| No | 52 | 1.00 | Reference | 32 | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Yes | 18 | 2.00 | (1.16-3.43) | 10 | 1.97 | (0.96-4.05) | 1.59 | (0.91-2.77) | 1.71 | (0.82-3.55) |
| History of myocardial infarction | ||||||||||
| No | 63 | 1.00 | Reference | 39 | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Yes | 7 | 3.33 | (1.52-7.29) | 3 | 2.71 | (0.83-8.83) | 2.84 | (1.28-6.29) | 2.34 | (0.71-7.71) |
HFpEF = heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF = heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; MET = metabolic equivalent.
a
Variables in the multivariate model are those included in this column, namely age, smoking, waist circumference, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, and history of myocardial infarction.
b
A history of hypertension was ascertained through any of the following: study measurement of blood pressure at clinic visits, self-report of hypertension diagnosis, or report of antihypertensive treatment.