Table 1.

Important short chain fatty acids, their types, common and synthetic names, and sources.

Number of carbon (C)	Common name	Synthetic name	Sources	References
C1	Formic acid	Methanoic acid	Eubacterium hallii	Pham et al. (2017)
C2	Acetic acid	Ethanoic acid	Prevotella spp., Streptococcus spp., Bacteroides spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Clostridium spp., Akkermansia muciniphila, Blautia hydrogenotropphica, Ruminococcus spp.	Xu et al. (2020); Macfarlane and Macfarlane (2003); Krautkramer et al. (2020); Cummings et al. (1987)
C3	Propionic acid	Propanoic acid	Akkermansia muciniphila, Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens, Megasphaera elsdenii, Ruminococcus obeum, Bacteroides spp., Veillonella spp., Salmonella spp., Dialister spp., Roseburia inulinivorans, Eubacterium hallii and Coprococcus catus	Morrison and Preston (2016); den Besten et al., 2013a, den Besten et al., 2013b; Xu et al. (2020)
C4	Butyric acid	Butanoic acid	Ruminococcus bromii, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Eubacterium hallii, Eubacterium rectale, Roseburia spp., Anaerostipes spp., Coprococcus comes, Coprococcus catus and Coprococcus eutactus	Lavelle and Sokol (2020); den Besten et al., 2013a, den Besten et al., 2013b; Xu et al. (2020); Morrison and Preston (2016)
C5	Valeric acid	Pentanoic acid	Acidobacteria, Megasphaera massiliensis MRx0029	Liu et al., 2019a, Liu et al., 2019b Yuille et al. (2018)
C6	Caproic Acid	Hexanoic acid	Caproiciproducens galactitolivorans BS-1T	Bengelsdorf et al. (2019)