Table 5.
Quality assessment for included studies. Q1 to Q11 represents the questions in the CASP tool for cohort studies
| Mohammed [30] |
Marudanayagam [35] |
Fazal [33] |
Singhal [32] |
Latif [34] |
Patel [31] |
Challagundla [36] |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Q2 | Yes | Can’t tell | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Q3 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Q4 | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell |
| Q5 | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Q6 | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Q7 | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
| Q8 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Q9 | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can’t tell |
| Q10 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Q11 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
|
Overall assessment |
Major concern | Major concern | Minor concern | Minor concern | Major concern | Major concern | Major concern |
1. Did the study address a clearly focused issue?
2. Was the cohort recruited in an acceptable way?
3. Was the exposure accurately measured to minimise bias?
4. Was the outcome accurately measured to minimise bias?
5. Have the authors identified all important confounding factors?
6. Have they accounted the confounding factors in the design and/or analysis?
7. Was the follow up of subjects complete enough?
8. Was the follow up of subjects long enough?
9. Do you believe the results?
10. Can the results be applied to the local population?
11. Do the results of this study fit with other available evidence?