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. 2011 Oct 5;2011(10):CD004184. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004184.pub2
Study Reason for exclusion
Bakris 2002 Different drugs were used in treatments arms (COER‐verapamil versus (Enalapril or Losartan))
Beliaev 2002 not RCT
Beliaev 2003 not RCT
Black 2003 Different drugs were used in treatments arms (COER‐verapamil versus (atenolol or HCTZ))
Calvo 2006 not monotherapy. patients were receiving 3 antihypertensive drugs in a single morning dose. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups according to the modification in their treatment strategy: a) Changing one of the drugs, but keeping all 3 in the morning. b) The same approach but prescribing one of the drugs to be taken at bedtime.
Carpentiere 1984 RCT, but period of treatment was 1 week and the minimum for inclusion was 3 weeks.
Conte 1998 not randomised, review article
Cooke 1994 not randomised, review article
Fogari 1988 not monotherapy
Fogari 1993 triple‐way crossover design
Glasser 1999 not randomised, review article
Glasser 2000 not RCT
Greminger 1994 randomized double‐blind crossover study, but period of treatment was 1 week and the minimum for inclusion is three weeks.
Gupta 1995 healthy men, not RCT
Hermida 1997 RCT, course was only one week , but the minimum for inclusion was three weeks.
Hermida 2003a not monotherapy, HDR and ASA on awakening, or HDR and ASA at bedtime
Hermida 2005 not monotherapy, HDR and ASA on awakening, or HDR and ASA at bedtime
Hermida 2005c not monotherapy, HDR and ASA on awakening, or HDR and ASA at bedtime
Hermida 2005d the scheme consisting of >=3 antihypertensive drugs
Hermida 2008b not monotherapy
Huape‐Arreola 2006 not monotherapy
Kitahara 2004 the same drug, but not the same dose. cilnidipine (5 mg od) was administered at bedtime or in the morning. In one group, a morning dosing regimen of cilnidipine was started from an initial dose of 5 mg (once daily). The dose was increased until either the casual BP became optimal or a dose of 20 mg was reached; The dose at this time was continued for 8 weeks. Thereafter, a bedtime dosing regimen with the same dosage was followed for an additional 8 weeks. In the other group, bedtime dosing with cilnidipine was started from the same initial dose and increased in the same way; Thereafter the same dose was administered in the morning for an additional 8 weeks. So, for one patient in this trial, the dose was the same, but the dose wasn't the same in all patients.
Koga 2005 Patients treated first‐line antihypertension drugs still had high blood pressure in the morning were given carvedilol.
Kuroda 2004 the same drug, but not the same dose. Patients taken trandolapril (1mg od) at bedtime or just after breakfast. After 4 weeks of treatment the dosage was increased to 2 mg of trandolapril unless the patient's BP had already been reduced to below 150 mmHg in systole and 90 mmHg in diastole, or side effects had occurred. Mean dose in each groups was different (morning administration group: 1.4±0.5; Bedtime administration group: 1.2±0.5), so the dose in all patients was not the same.
Lauro 1984 lack of the data. The trial showed there was no statistically difference in 24h blood pressure, but no data was reported.
Macchiarulo 1999 triple‐way crossover design
Mallion 1992 No relevant endpoints. Compliance was primary outcome
Mengden 1993 outcomes of interest not reported
Neutel 1996 compared with placebo
Niegowska 2000 Not RCT
Panfilov 1988 NOT RCT
Potter 1990 337 patients were studied, but 257patients completed the study (31 were not randomised).
Shiga 1993 No relevant endpoints. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and Time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) was primary outcome
Sica 2003 Healthy male
Sica 2004 placebo‐controlled
Smith 2001a compared with placebo
Smolensky 2007 not RCT
Sunaga 1995 The treatment period for this trial was less than two weeks
Sundberg 1991 not RCT
Tokbaeva 1996 Not RCT
Tykarski 2003 the trial has published in abstract form.
White 1995 compared with placebo
White 1997 placebo‐controlled
White 1998 Different drugs in comparator arms (nifedipine GITS versus COER‐verapamil)
White 1999b This was not an original study. It analysed the data from White 1998 (Comparison of effects of controlled onset extended release verapamil at bedtime and nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system on arising on early morning blood pressure, heart rate, and the heart rate‐blood pressure product. Am J Cardiol 1998;81(4):424‐31)
White 1999c This was not an original study. It compares pooled data from three independent studies. These three papers were not referenced. We had written to White WB seeking a clarification, but there has been no reply.
White 1999d This were not an original study. It compares pooled data from three independent studies. These three papers were not referenced. We had written to White WB seeking a clarification, but there has been no reply.
White 2001a This was not an original study. It compares pooled data from three independent studies. These three papers were not referenced. We had written to White WB seeking a clarification, but there has been no reply.
White 2001b This was not an original study. It compares pooled data from three independent studies. These three papers were not referenced. We had written to White WB seeking a clarification, but there has been no reply.
White 2002a Different drugs in comparator arms (COER‐verapamil versus (enalapril or losartan))
White 2004 Different drugs in comparator arms (diltiazem versus ramipril)
Witte 1993 No relevant endpoints. Daytime,nighttime and rhythm of blood pressure were outcome.
Wright 1976 not monotherapy, the drugs of control group administered by three times daily, and ambulatory 24 hour mean BP was not measured
Wright 1982 duration of treatment only 2 weeks
Wright 2004 Different drugs in comparator arms (diltiazem versus amlodipine)
Yan 2009 not monotherapy, lifestyle modifications and ASA on awakening, or lifestyle modifications and ASA at bedtime
Zaslavskaia 1988 not RCT
Zaslavskaia 1998a RCT, but the treatment period for this trial was only 10 days
Zaslavskaia 1998b RCT, but the treatment period for this trial was less than three weeks
Zaslavskaia 1999a RCT, but the study evaluated the circadian rhythms of systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure, HR before and after ramipril intake throughout 24 h.
Zaslavskaia 1999b not RCT
Zaslavskaia 2000b RCT, but aimed at circadian study of blood pressure
Zaslavskaya 1995 not RCT
Zhou 2004 combination therapy

RCT: randomized controlled trial

HCTZ: hydrochlorothiazide

ASA: aspirin

HDR: nonpharmacological hygienic‐dietary recommendations