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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Gastroenterology. 2022 Jan 13;162(6):1675–1689.e11. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.01.008

Figure 7. Transfer of pregnancy associated gut microbiota impacts IR, IDO1 levels, and intestinal inflammation.

Figure 7.

Schematic of fecal microbial transfer (FMT) to antibiotic (Abx) treated mice (A, J); insulin tolerance test (inset, AUC) (B, K); kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (K/T) in plasma (C, L) and feces (D, M); mRNA expression of ldo1 (E, N), of proinflammatory cytokines and anti-microbial peptide Lcn2 (F-G, O) in the ileum of G0 C57, G15 C57, and G15 IDO-KO and in DC of T1 and T3 recipients, respectively; mRNA expression of Il22 and Reg3b/3g in the ileum (H) and DC (I) of IDO-KO-G15 and of Ocln (P), Il22 (Q) in DC of T1 and T3 recipients. (R) summary: gut microbial change and mild inflammatory milieu at gut mucosal surfaces drives an increase in gut IDO1 expression/activity (K/T) and shift tryptophan metabolism to enhanced kynurenine (kyn) production in IR phase of pregnancy. Data are mean±SE (n=6–12) analyzed by two-tailed Student’s unpaired t-test (insets B and K, C-I, L-Q) and two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc analysis (B, K). *P<.05, ** P<0.01.