Table 1.
Sociodemographic and substance use characteristics by treatment group.
| Total(n=506) | Historical control(n=418) | COVID-19 treatment with telemedicine(n=43) | COVID-19 treatment without telemedicine (n=45) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 37.9 (31.4-44.8) | 37.7 (31.1-44.4) | 38.8 (32.4-44.9) | 38.6 (32.4-49.3) | 0.50 |
| Sex | 0.37 | ||||
| Male | 369 (72.9%) | 300 (71.8%) | 35 (81.4%) | 34 (75.6%) | |
| Female | 137 (27.1%) | 118 (28.2%) | 8 (18.6%) | 11 (24.4%) | |
| Race/Ethnicity1 | <.01 | ||||
| White | 268 (53.5%) | 230 (55.6%) | 18 (41.9%) | 20 (45.5%) | |
| Black | 103 (20.6%) | 79 (19.1%) | 11 (25.6%) | 13 (29.6%) | |
| Hispanic/ Latinx |
122 (24.4%) | 97 (23.4%) | 14 (32.6%) | 11 (25.0%) | |
| Other2 | 8 (1.6%) | 8 (1.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Housing status3 | 0.05 | ||||
| Permanent | 91 (18.7%) | 66 (16.5%) | 15 (34.9%) | 10 (23.3%) | |
| Unstable | 233 (47.9%) | 198 (49.5%) | 16 (37.2%) | 19 (44.2%) | |
| Street homeless | 162 (33.3%) | 136 (34.0%) | 12 (27.9%) | 14 (32.6%) | |
| Insurance status | 0.02 | ||||
| Insured | 414 (81.8%) | 333 (79.7%) | 39 (90.7%) | 42 (93.3%) | |
| Uninsured | 92 (18.2%) | 85 (20.3%) | 4 (9.3%) | 3 (6.7%) | |
| Injection drug use history4 | 0.26 | ||||
| No | 141 (29.9%) | 123 (31.1%) | 11 (29.0%) | 7 (18.4%) | |
| Yes | 330 (70.1%) | 272 (68.9%) | 27 (71.1%) | 31 (81.6%) | |
| Polysubstance use5 | <0.01 | ||||
| No | 175 (35.8%) | 130 (31.9%) | 24 (58.5%) | 21 (52.5%) | |
| Yes | 314 (64.2%) | 278 (68.1%) | 17 (41.5%) | 19 (47.5%) | |
| Previous MOUD experience6 | 0.43 | ||||
| No | 128 (25.8%) | 109 (26.7%) | 11 (25.6%) | 8 (17.8%) | |
| Yes | 369 (74.3%) | 300 (73.4%) | 32 (74.4%) | 37 (82.2%) |
Note: Values represent median with interquartile range for continuous variables and frequency with percentage for categorical variables.
n=501 (missing n=4 in Historical control; n=1 in COVID-19 treatment without telemedicine group)
Race/ethnicity “other” includes mixed race and Asian
n=486 (missing n=18 in Historical control; n=2 in COVID-19 treatment without telemedicine)
n=471 (missing n=23 in Historical control; n=5 in COVID-19 treatment with telemedicine; n=7 in COVID-19 treatment without telemedicine)
Polysubstance use indicated cocaine, benzodiazepine, amphetamine, and/or methamphetamine use at intake; n=489 (missing n=10 in Historical control; n=2 in COVID-19 treatment with telemedicine; n=5 in COVID-19 treatment without telemedicine)
Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD)=Ever prescribed methadone or buprenorphine from other community-based programs, during incarceration, and from emergency department visits; n=497 (missing n=9 in Historical control)