Table 2.
Factors associated with discontinuation of buprenorphine treatment at 6 months.
| Retained in treatment (n=89) | Discontinued treatment (n=417) | Unadjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) | Adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment group | ||||
| Historical control |
55 (13.2%) | 363 (86.8%) | Ref. | Ref. |
| COVID-19 treatment with telemedicine |
22 (51.2%) | 21 (48.8%) | 0.27 (0.18, 0.43)⁎⁎⁎ | 0.29 (0.18, 0.47)⁎⁎⁎ |
| COVID-19 treatment w/o telemedicine |
12 (26.7%) | 33 (73.3%) | 0.58 (0.41, 0.83)⁎⁎⁎ | 0.49 (0.31, 0.77)⁎⁎⁎ |
| Age (years) | 40.6 (34.4-48.9) | 37.0 (30.1-44.2) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00)⁎⁎⁎ | 0.99 (0.98,1.00)⁎⁎ |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 67 (18.2%) | 302 (81.8%) | Ref. | – |
| Female | 22 (16.1%%) | 115 (83.9%) | 0.89 (0.72, 1.10) | – |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| White | 45 (16.8) | 223 (83.2%) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Black | 25 (24.3%) | 78 (75.7%) | 0.88 (0.69, 1.15) | 1.12 (0.83, 1.52) |
| Hispanic/ Latinx |
19 (15.6%) | 103 (84.4%) | 1.00 (0.80, 1.17) | 1.13 (0.87, 1.46) |
| Other1 | 0 (0%) | 8 (100%) | 1.86 (0.92, 3.76)⁎⁎ | 1.27 (0.56, 2.88) |
| Housing status | ||||
| Permanent | 29 (31.9%) | 62 (68.1%) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Unstable | 24 (14.8%) | 138 (85.2%) | 1.44 (1.08, 1.92)⁎⁎⁎ | 1.30 (0.93, 1.82)* |
| Street homeless | 36 (15.5%) | 197 (84.6%) | 1.67 (1.24, 2.26)⁎⁎⁎ | 1.55 (1.09, 2.20)⁎⁎⁎ |
| Insurance status | ||||
| Insured | 77 (18.6%) | 337 (81.4%) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Uninsured | 12 (13.0%) | 80 (87.0%) | 1.41 (1.10, 1.80)⁎⁎⁎ | 1.08 (0.81, 1.43) |
| Injection drug use history | ||||
| No | 35 (24.8%) | 106 (75.2%) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 49 (14.9%) | 281 (85.2%) | 1.24 (0.99, 1.55)⁎⁎ | 1.29 (0.99, 1.67)⁎⁎ |
| Polysubstance use2 | ||||
| No | 38 (21.7%) | 137 (78.3%) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 50 (15.9%) | 264 (84.1%) | 1.15 (0.94,1.42)* | 0.97 (0.77, 1.24) |
| Previous MOUD experience3 | ||||
| No | 22 (17.2%) | 106 (82.8%) | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 66 (17.9%) | 303 (82.1%) | 0.84 (0.67, 1.05)⁎⁎ | 0.87 (0.68, 1.12) |
Note: Values represent median with interquartile range for continuous variables and frequency with percentage for categorical variables.
1
Race/ethnicity “other” includes mixed race and Asian
2
Polysubstance use indicated combinations cocaine, benzodiazepine, amphetamine, and/or methamphetamine use at intake
3
Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD)=Ever prescribed methadone or buprenorphine from other community-based programs, during incarceration, and from emergency department visits
⁎
p<0.2
⁎⁎
p<0.1
⁎⁎⁎
p<0.05