Table 1.
Correlations between posttraumatic stress, insomnia, anxious and depressive symptoms with all factors.
| Posttraumatic stress (IES-R) | Anxiety (HADS) | Depression (HADS) | Insomnia (ISI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic, professional and mental health related information | ||||
| Age | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Gender | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Occupation (being a nurse vs a physician) | rpb= .245 p<.001 | rpb= .185 p<.001 | NS | NS |
| Relationship status | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Education degree | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Reporting present or past psychological disorder | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Having been exposed to traumatic events lifetime | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Number of past traumatic experiences | r = .253, p<.001 | r = .237 p<.001 | NS | NS |
| Experienced work overload during the COVID crisis | r = .317 p<.001 | r = .272 p<.001 | r = .251 p = .001 | r = .210, p<.001 |
| Underwent changes in work schedules during the coronavirus crisis | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Worked in a special COVID unit during the coronavirus crisis | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Having been infected with COVID 19 | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Emotion regulation (ERQ) | ||||
| Cognitive reappraisal | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Expressive suppression | NS | NS | NS | r = .160 p = .004 |
| Coping strategies (Brief COPE) | ||||
| Approach strategies | NS | NS | r = -.225 p<.001 | NS |
| Emotional support use | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Acceptance | r = -.229 p<.001 | r = -.223 p<.001 | r = -.199 p<.001 | NS |
| Instrumental support use | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Positive reframing | r = -.216 p<.001 | r = -.249 p<.001 | r = -.225 p<.001 | r = -.180 p<.001 |
| Planning | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Active Coping | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Avoidance strategies | r = .330 p<.001 | r = .220 p<.001 | NS | r = .246 p<.001 |
| Self-Distraction | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Venting | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Denial | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Substance Use | r = .320 p<.001 | r = .254 p<.001 | NS | r = .246 p<.001 |
| Self-blame | NS | NS | NS | r = .182 p = .001 |
| Behavioral disengagement | r = .253 p<.001 | NS | NS | r = .233 p<.001 |
| Non-coping strategies | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Religion | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Humor | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Personality traits (TIPI) | ||||
| Extraversion | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Agreeableness | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Conscientiousness | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Openness | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Neuroticism | r = .390, p<.001 | r = .442, p<.001 | r = .313, p<.001 | NS |
b = Point-Biserial correlation coefficient; r = Correlation coefficient; p = p-value; NS = Non significant IES-R = The Impact of Event Scale – Revised; HADS = The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; ISI = Insomnia Severity Index.