Table 2.
Treatments, complications and outcome of intubated patients admitted to the intensive care unit.
| Patients admitted during the 1st wave (n = 124) | Patients admitted during the 2nd wave (n = 99) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Respiratory support | |||
| Duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, median (IQR), days | 13 (9-17) | 13 (7-22) | 0.8a |
| Free days of mechanical ventilation until Day 28, median (IQR), days | 15 (11-19) | 16 (8-22) | 0.37a |
| Oxygenation and ventilatory parameters at admission, median (IQR) | |||
| FiO2, % | 60 (45-75) | 70 (60-80) | < 0.01a |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio, mmHg | 140.2 (102-178.5) | 96.7 (79.5-131.2) | < 0.01a |
| Respiratory rate at admission, breaths/min | 32 (28-36) | 30 (25-35) | < 0.04a |
| PEEP, cmH2O | 11 (10-12) | 12 (10-12) | 0.74a |
| Static compliance, ml/cmH2O | 39 (31-50) | 32.8 (26-40) | < 0.0 1a |
| Non-ventilatory ARDS therapies | |||
| Neuromuscular blockade, n (%) | 116 (93.5) | 65 (65.7) | < 0.01b |
| Days under neuromuscular blockade, median (IQR) | 4 (3-7.5) | 3 (2-5) | < 0.01a |
| Prone positioning, n (%) | 95 (76.6) | 73 (73.7) | 0.6b |
| Prone sessions per patient, median (IQR) | 2 (1-4) | 2(1-4) | 0.8a |
| Inhaled nitric oxide, n (%) | 30 (24.2) | 25 (25.3) | 0.9b |
| ECMO, n (%) | 11 (8.9) | 5 (5.1) | 0.27c |
| COVID-19 specific medical treatments, n (%) | |||
| Hydroxychloroquine | 115 (89.1) | 0 | 0.b |
| Azithromycin | 112 (86.9) | 0 | 0.b |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir | 52 (40.3) | 0 | 0.b |
| Remdesivir | 9 (7.3) | 11 (11.1) | 0.32b |
| Anakinra | 16 (12.4) | 0 | 0. |
| Dexamethasone | 0 | 94 (94.9) | |
| Other medical treatments | |||
| Antibiotics, n (%) | 123 (99.2) | 97 (97.8) | 0.43b |
| Duration of antibiotics, median (IQR), days | 9(6-12) | 8 (5-13.5) | 0.77a |
| Glucocorticoids, n (%) | 41 (33.1) | 43 (43.4) | 0.11b |
| Indications to glucocorticoids | |||
| Septic shock | 13 (33.3) | 3 (7) | < 0.01c |
| ARDS | 21 (31.7) | 38 (38.4) | < 0.01b |
| Othersd | 5 (12.2) | 2 (4.6) | 0.18c |
| Norepinephrine, n (%) | 114 (91.9) | 97 (98) | 0.04a |
| Norepinephrine > 0.1 µg/kg/min | 65 (52.4) | 52 (53.6) | 0.8b |
| Insuline dose per day, median (IQR), UI | 41 (15.6-78.3) | 50 (30.2-78.1) | 0.5a |
| Duration of Insulinotherapy, median (IQR), days | 8 (5-16) | 7 (3-13) | 0.46a |
| Complications, n (%) | |||
| Septic shock | 6 (4.8) | 12 (12.1) | 0.04b |
| Thromboembolic evente | 19 (14.8) | 12 (12.1) | 0.06b |
| Acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy | 15 (12.1) | 3 (3) | 0.01b |
| Ventilatory-associated pneumonia, n (%) | 4 (3.2) | 10 (10.1) | 0.05c |
| Ventilator-associated pneumonia, density incidence, cases/1,000 days of ventilation | 2.9 | 7.5 | f |
| Aspergillosis | 7 (5.6) | 7 (7.1) | 0.66b |
| Pressure sores, n (%) | 36 (29) | 12 (12.1) | < 0.01b |
| ICU mortality, n (%) | 23 (18.6) | 42 (42.4) | < 0.01b |
| Length of hospital stay, median (IQR), days | 28 (19-40) | 26.5 (16-38) | 0.2a |
| Length of ICU stay, median (IQR), days | 16 (11-21.5) | 14 (8-24) | 0.5a |
ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19, coronavirus disease-19; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; FiO2, inspired fraction of oxygen; ICU, intensive care unit; PaO2; arterial partial pressure of oxygen; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure.
a
Mann-Whitney U test.
b
Chi-2 test.
c
Fisher’s exact test.
d
Other includes vasculitis, COPD/asthma, or corticoids as usual treatment.
e
Thromboembolic event includes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
f
Due to the small number of events, no comparative analysis was performed.