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. 2022 Mar 31;7(2):e01383-21. doi: 10.1128/msystems.01383-21

FIG 1.

FIG 1

The gut is a complex ecosystem. Factors inherent to the host, microbiota, and external environment interact with others within and between sectors to shape the dynamic intestinal landscape. While there are numerous elements that influence the gut ecosystem beyond those depicted here (e.g., age, pH, oxygen concentrations, lifestyle factors, etc.), we have chosen to highlight only those discussed in this review.