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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Mater. 2022 Feb 3;34(11):e2106456. doi: 10.1002/adma.202106456

Table 3.

The effects of NMs on sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs)

NMs Characterization Cell type Cellular responses References
Si NPs 70 nm Primary liver sinusoidal endothelial cells Increase in ALT and induction of liver injury [63]
GOs T: 1–4 nm;
S: 10 to 2000 nm		 Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells Cellular uptake, induction of cytotoxicity at a high concentration (100 μg/mL) [97]
TiO2 NPs 21 nm Human hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HHSECs) Cellular uptake, induction of transient leakiness by reducing the activation of Akt, increase in endothelial permeability, morphological changes, cellular shrinkage [166]