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| Na3Ct/HAuCl4 molar ratio | TADA–AuNPs solution color | Naked eye detection limit of Al3+ (μM) |
|---|---|---|
| 0.8 : 1 | Purple | No obvious color change |
| 1.6 : 1 | Purple | No obvious color change |
| 3.2 : 1 | Slight purple | No obvious color change |
| 6.4 : 1 | Dark-red | 1.5 |
| 12.8 : 1 | Dark-red | 2.0 |
