The uptake capacity of PANI@WO₃ for OG comparison with other adsorbents described in the literature.

Adsorbent	Maximum adsorption capacity (mg g−1)	Reference
	OG
ZnO-AC	153.8	47
Cts(x)-g-PNVP	63.7	48
AC from coffee grounds	100	49
PANI@AS biocomposite	190.98	34
Monoamine-modified silica	36.3	50
FSMD MNPs	109.1	51
PANI@OFI-A	303.94	52
PANI@WO3 composite	226.50	Current study