Table 1.

Definitions of Concepts Included in Mothering and Incarceration: A Conceptual Model Supporting Maternal Identity

Concept	Definition
Health disparities	Preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health (CDC, 2013).
Intergenerational incarceration	Risks associated with parental incarceration affecting relationships with family and social networks contributing to difficult behaviors (Shlafer & Poehlmann, 2010).
Trauma exposure	Experiencing abuse and/or neglect including but not limited to emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect (Moog et al., 2016).
Substance use disorder	Recurrent use of alcohol and/or drug use causing clinically significant impairment, including health problems, disability, and failure to meet major responsibilities at work, school, or home (SAMHSA, 2020).
Mental health disorder	For someone over the age of 18 years, in the past year a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder that causes serious functional impairment that substantially interferes with or limits one or more major life activities (SAMHSA, 2020).
Neurobiology of women	Unique response by women to somatic, neurologic, and psychiatric diseases based on the mechanisms that mediate gender differences (Panagiotakopoulos & Neigh, 2014).
Gender responsive	Creating an environment that reflects an understanding of the realities of women's lives and addresses issues including site, staff, program development, content, and materials (Bloom et al., 2003).
Trauma informed	Care that acknowledges the role of victimization in the life of survivors (Harner & Burgess, 2011).
Evidence-based practices	A problem-solving approach to care that integrates the best evidence from well-designed studies, data, and experts designed to improve outcomes (Melnyk et al., 2010).
Well-being	A complex and multifactorial construct that includes psychological, social, and spiritual aspects based on cognitive and affective judgments individuals make about their lives (Trudel-Fitzgerald et al., 2019).
Resiliency	The ability to withstand interpersonal, financial, work, or health challenges due to characteristics such as social skills or flexibility (Grabbe & Miller-Karas, 2018).
Social support	Actual or perceived resources, formal or informal, that are provided by nonprofessionals (Clone & Dehart, 2014).