Table 1.
Demographics and Baseline Characteristics of Healthy Controls and DILI Patients.
| Parameters | HC n = 70 | Overall DILI n = 90 | DILI.rec n =65 | DILI.chr n =25 | DILI.a n=54 | DILI.b n=36 | P value | P value* | P value# |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 54 (49–57) | 58 (44–66) | 59 (43-66) | 58 (51-71) | 58 (46-66) | 61 (41-68) | 0.0924 | 0.2384 | 0.9632 |
| Sex (M/F) | 27/43 | 33/57 | 24/42 | 10/15 | 16/38 | 17/19 | 0.8697 | 0.8103 | 0.1188 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 20.2 ± 11.1 | 489 ± 554.8 | 575.2 ± 589.8 | 366.3 ± 451.8 | 413.2 ± 573.2 | 602.8 ± 512.9 | <0.0001 | 0.1422 | 0.1128 |
| AST (IU/L) | 21.1 ± 6.1 | 335.9 ± 366.5 | 349.9 ± 309.7 | 386.2 ± 519.3 | 227.3 ± 256.7 | 498.7 ± 43.1 | <0.0001 | 0.9940 | 0.0004 |
| ALP (IU/L) | 65.9 ± 17.8 | 209.7 ± 149.4 | 228.9 ± 165.5 | 173.8 ± 83.68 | 185.7 ± 119.7 | 245.8 ± 181.3 | <0.0001 | 0.1312 | 0.0613 |
| GGT (IU/L) | 20.8 ± 13.8 | 278.9 ± 257.4 | 303.6 ± 280.3 | 237.6 ± 176.6 | 235.9 ± 195.0 | 335.9 ± 323.9 | <0.0001 | 0.3042 | 0.0710 |
| Tbil (μmol/L) | 13.2 ± 4.6 | 114.4 ± 113.4 | 106.7 ± 112.1 | 167.1 ± 114.2 | 41.57 ± 33.01 | 223.5 ± 103.1 | <0.0001 | 0.0356 | <0.0001 |
| Dbil (μmol/) | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 57.7 ± 58.7 | 51.43 ± 58.1 | 83.3 ± 54.4 | 18.16 ± 19.55 | 110.3 ± 52.7 | <0.0001 | 0.0329 | <0.0001 |
| TBA (μmol/) | 3.4 ± 3.1 | 98.8 ± 90.8 | 91.5 ± 96.7 | 120.1 ± 68.2 | 39.07 ± 7.976 | 33.9 ± 11.2 | <0.0001 | 0.2041 | 0.0127 |
| INR (mg/dL) | NT | 1.3 ± 1.5 | 1.3 ± 1.7 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.334 ± 1.831 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | NA | 0.8347 | 0.7335 |
| AFP (ng/mL) | NT | 20.3 ± 79.6 | 20.7 ± 90.0 | 18.8 ± 29.3 | 7.193 ± 8.364 | 37.8 ± 121.5 | NA | 0.9280 | 0.0814 |
Data are expressed as Mean ± SD or median and interquartile (25th and 75th).
ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; DBil, conjugated bilirubin; DILI, drug-induced liver injury; DILI.rec, DILI recoverd within 6 months; DILI.chr, chronic DILI; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; HC, healthy control; Ig, immunoglobulin; INR, international normalized ratio; NA, not available for statistically significance analysis; NT, not tested; TBA, total bile acids; TBil, total bilirubin.
P value stands for the overall comparison of HCs and overall DILI.
*P value stands for the overall comparison of DILI.rec and DILI.chr
#P value stands for the overall comparison of DILI.a and DILI.b