Table 3. Univariate (crude) and adjusted association of different outcomes among patients with versus without AKI.
| Univariate Association | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous outcome | ||||||||||
| Outcomes | AKI | Non-AKI | p value | |||||||
| N | Median (IQR) | N | Median (IQR) | |||||||
| Hospital LOS (days) | 270 | 9.04 (5.11–16.66) | 2,228 | 5.09 (2.58–9.94) | <0.001 | |||||
| PIM 2 Probability of Death (%) | 274 | 1.20 (0.86–3.83) | 2,272 | 0.96 (0.79–1.72) | <0.001 | |||||
| PIM 3 Probability of Death (%) | 274 | 0.98 (0.72–2.93) | 2,272 | 0.78 (0.69–1.26) | <0.001 | |||||
| Categorical outcome | ||||||||||
| Outcomes | AKI [N (%)] | Non-AKI [N (%)] | p value | Crude Odds ratio (95% CI) | ||||||
| Mortality | 21 (7.7%) | 37 (1.6%) | <0.001 | 5.01 (2.89–8.70) | ||||||
| Airway / Respiratory support | 152 (55.5%) | 983 (43.3%) | <0.001 | 1.63 (1.27–2.10) | ||||||
| Cardio-respiratory support | 8 (2.9%) | 19 (0.8%) | 0.006 | 3.57 (1.55–8.23) | ||||||
| Kidney support | 13 (4.7%) | 9 (0.4%) | <0.001 | 12.52 (5.30–29.58) | ||||||
| Vascular access | 184 (67.2%) | 675 (29.7%) | <0.001 | 4.84 (3.70–6.32) | ||||||
| Adjusted Association * | ||||||||||
| Continuous outcome | ||||||||||
| Outcomes | Un-standardized Coefficients (95% CI)^ | p value | ||||||||
| Hospital LOS (days) | 6.29 (3.95–8.64) | <0.001 | ||||||||
| PIM 2 Probability of Death (%) | 0.81 (-0.11–1.72) | 0.083 | ||||||||
| PIM 3 Probability of Death (%) | 0.61 (-0.30–1.51) | 0.187 | ||||||||
| Categorical outcome | ||||||||||
| Outcomes | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)^ | p value | ||||||||
| Mortality | 2.69 (1.48–4.88) | 0.001 | ||||||||
| Airway / Respiratory support | 1.61 (1.16–2.24) | 0.005 | ||||||||
| Cardio-respiratory support | 1.88 (0.77–4.56) | 0.165 | ||||||||
| Kidney support | 5.34 (2.15–13.25) | <0.001 | ||||||||
| Vascular access | 3.51 (2.63–4.70) | <0.001 | ||||||||
AKI: Acute Kidney Injury; LOS: Length of stay; PIM: Pediatric index of mortality; IQR: Interquartile range; CI: Confidence Interval
^AKI versus non-AKI
*Adjusted for variables significant in the uni-variate analysis “Table 1” such as age (continuous in years), presence of cardiovascular, endocrine, hematology, and respiratory co-morbidities (categorical). The clinical and laboratory variables significant in the uni-variate analysis “Table 2” were not considered because for those variables the data was available for <25% of the children [which was leading to decrease in the sample size for adjusted analysis to a greater extent]