Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure.
| All patients (n = 483) | Patients with pneumonia (n = 263) | Patients with non-pneumonia conditions (n = 220) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median Age, (Years) | 64 (55–74) | 65 (55–74) | 63 (56–73) | 0.689 |
| Male | 345 (71.4%) | 190 (72.2%) | 155 (70.5%) | 0.687 |
| Median BMI (kg/m2) | 22.9 (20.0–26.7) | 22.8 (19.6–26.0) | 22.9 (21.2–27.0) | 0.074 |
| Median APACHE II | 19 (13–25) | 19 (13–25) | 20 (13–25) | 0.633 |
| Vasopressor use | 94 (19.5%) | 43 (16.4%) | 51 (23.2%) | 0.065 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Smoker | 86 (17.8%) | 40 (15.2%) | 46 (20.9%) | 0.271 |
| Ex-smoker | 335 (69.4%) | 188 (71.5%) | 147 (66.8%) | |
| Non-smoker | 62 (12.8%) | 35 (13.3%) | 27 (12.3%) | |
| Admission source | ||||
| Emergency Department | 207 (42.9%) | 83 (37.7%) | 124 (47.2%) | <0.001* |
| General Ward | 233 (48.2%) | 102 (46.4%) | 131 (49.8%) | |
| Operating Theatre | 43 (8.9%) | 35 (15.9%) | 8 (3.0%) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 282 (58.4%) | 149 (56.65%) | 133 (60.5%) | 0.406 |
| Diabetes | 181 (37.5%) | 100 (38.0%) | 81 (36.8%) | 0.850 |
| Immunosuppression | 133 (27.5%) | 67 (25.5%) | 66 (30.0%) | 0.306 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 104 (21.5%) | 59 (22.4%) | 45 (20.5%) | 0.657 |
| Ischemic Heart Disease | 103 (21.3%) | 40 (15.2%) | 63 (28.6%) | 0.001* |
| COPD | 34 (7.0%) | 14 (5.3%) | 20 (9.1%) | 0.112 |
| Stroke | 32 (6.6%) | 17 (6.5%) | 15 (6.8%) | 1.000 |
| Asthma | 28 (5.8%) | 12 (4.6%) | 16 (7.3%) | 0.242 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 15 (3.1%) | 7 (2.7%) | 8 (3.6%) | 0.604 |
| Bronchiectasis | 11 (2.3%) | 8 (3.0%) | 3 (1.4%) | 0.359 |
| Interstitial lung disease | 9 (1.9%) | 4 (1.5%) | 5 (2.3%) | 0.738 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Median duration of HFNC use (Hrs) | 23 (9–49) | 23 (10–53) | 21 (9–46) | 0.614 |
| Median ICU length of stay (days) | 6 (3–10) | 6 (3–11) | 6 (3–10) | 0.503 |
| Median hospital length of stay (days) | 18 (10–35) | 15 (9–29) | 21 (11–41) | 0.023* |
| ICU mortality | 71 (14.7%) | 47 (17.9%) | 24 (10.9%) | 0.039* |
| Hospital mortality | 120 (24.8%) | 78 (29.7%) | 42 (19.1%) | 0.008* |
* represents those parameters that are statistically significant.
** BMI = Body mass index, APACHE II = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, ED = Emergency Department, COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.